 can omit the curly braces {} al together.

## Shorthand operato rs

a=a+1 can be written as ++a  or a++
a=a-1 can be written as  --a or a--

a=a+b can be writt en as a+=b
a=a-b can be written  as a-=b
a=a*b can be written a s a*=b
a=a/b can be written as  a/=b
a=a%b can be written as a% =b

## Data types

So far we've  been only dealing with integer s. We can also create character  variables using char and decim al value variables using float
 
Here's some gibberish code tha t is nevertheless syntactically  correct

```
char f;
float x,y ;
int z;
f='i';
x=3.14;
cin>>f> >x>>y>>z;
if(x>y)
 cout<<x+y+z; 
else
 cout<<f;
cout<<f+3;
```
 
One should generally be carefu l about mixing data of differen t types in the same expression,  but it is usually possible.

C haracter variables are treated  using their ASCII values so f+3  just returns the character wit h ASCII value 3 greater than th e ASCII value of the character  stored in f. So if we enter 'j'  (ASCII value 105) in the value  for f, we get 'm' (ASCII value  108) for f+3

Words and text d ata is dealt with by creating c haracter arrays.

And you're do ne!!!

If you've grasped the ab ove concepts you've understood  the basics of programming.

Giv en below are some more advanced  concepts that you could pick u p in a short amount of time as  well.


## Arrays

Task: Write  a program that accepts 15 integ ers as input and outputs them i n reverse order.

We need to cr eate 15 locations in memory as  input. We could create 15 separ ate variables with names a,b,c, d,e... but that's time consumin g so we use arrays.

```
#inclu de <iostream>
using namespace s td;
int main()
{
 int a[15];
 i nt i;
 cout<<"Enter 15 numbers:  \n";
 for(i=0;i<15;++i)
  cin> >a[i];
 for(i=14;i>=0;--i)
  co ut<<a[i]<<" ";
 return 0;
}
``` 

As evident from the example,  dealing with arrays normally re quires loops.

An array declare d as a[15] will by default have  indices starting from zero (a[ 0],a[1], ...... a[14])

Suppose  now we need to find the larges t number in the array.

```
#in clude <iostream>
using namespac e std;
int main()
{
 int a[15], i,max;
 cout<<"Enter 15 numbers : \n";
 for(i=0;i<15;++i)
  cin >>a[i];
 max=a[0];
 for(i=1;i<1 5;++i)
  if(a[i]>max)
   max=a[ i];
 cout<<"Max value is: "<<ma x;
 return 0;
}
```

## Sorting 

Task: Write a program that ac cepts n integers and sorts them  in ascending order

This job i s not so easy. It requires nest ed loops. Google the solution o nce you fail.




(Assuming you  fail, that is :P)

Functions

 A function is a snippet of code  that does something for you an d usually (but not necessarily)  returns an answer value. sqrt( ) for example was a function we  used earlier. It accepted one  input and gave one output.

Her e is an example of a function t hat calculates exponentation a^ b for a positive integer expone nt.

```
int exp(int a,int b)
{ 
 int i,r=1;
 for(i=1;i<=b;++i) 
  r*=a;
  return r;
}
```

Her e is a complete program that us es this function to compute f(x ) = (x+2)^x

```
#include <iost ream>
using namespace std;
int  exp(int a,int b)
{
 int i,r=1;
  for(i=1;i<=b;++i)
  r*=a;
  re turn r;
}
int main()
{
 int x,y ;
 cout<<"Enter x: ";
 cin>>x;
  cout<<"f(x)=(x+2)^x is being c omputed ....";
 y= exp(x+2,x);
  cout<<"f("<<x<<") = "<<y;
 ret urn 0;
}
```

Note that our fun ction has two inputs which are  integers and one output which i s also an integer. We have used  different variable names for c larity. The values of x+2 and x  get copied onto a and b, which  are then used while the functi on runs. Once the function hits  a return statement it terminat es and passes the returned valu e r to its place in the express ion y=exp(x+2,x). Hence the val ue gets stored in y.

In genera l we cannot access variables cr eated in main() while inside a  function and variables created  in a function while inside main (). We can only access those va lues which we have explicitly p assed to the function. These ar e rules of scope.

## Recursion 

We can also access a function  from inside of itself. Here's  a function that calculates fact orial recursively.

```
int fac t(int n)
{
 if(n==0||n==1)
  re turn 1;
 else
  return n*fact(n -1);
}
```

## Pointers

Also a  useful concept in competitive  programing, however my coding i s rusty in this area. So bad lu ck, learnt it from elsewhere.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       text_englis h/personal/main/my_blog_from_20 18/grahams_number_anyone.md                                0006 44  000765  000024  00000003036  15177753505 027006  0                                                                                                       us tar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  000000                                                                                                                                                                               2018-11-21

# Graham's num ber, anyone?

Here's links to [ Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikiped ia.org/wiki/Graham%27s_number)  and a [numberphile video](https ://youtu.be/XTeJ64KD5cg). And y ou'll also need to understand t he up arrow notation, so [here] (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wik i/Knuth%27s_up-arrow_notation)  is a link to that.

Graham's nu mber is basically an enormous n umber that solves a combinatori cs problem. If you've understoo d a) what the combinatorics pro blem is, and b) how Graham's nu mber is defined, you've pretty  much understood everything ther e is it to it.

Or atleast ever ything mere mortals can underst and. Because it still makes no  sense, a not-that-complicated p roblem producing sucha huge num ber.

So one of the things I li ke to do with a random person ( usually someone with some inter est in maths) is first try to e xplain the problem that Graham' s number solves as best as I ca n in simple English, and then a sk them to blindly guess how ma ny dimensions must my hypercube  have for this to work?

And th en they'll be 5, I'm like nope,  more than that. 500? Nope, mor e than that. A trillion? More t han that. 10^100 (a googol)? No , more than that. 1 followed by  10^100 zeroes? Nope not enough .

At this point I gotta explai n the arrow notation to them, a nd ask them to resume guessing  ...

10 arrow arrow arrow 10? N ope. 10 followed by a thousand  arrows followed by 10? Nope. 10  followed by a googol arrows fo llowed by 10? Nope, not even cl ose.

By now pretty much anyone  would give up ... At which poi nt I explain the g sequence and  ... Graham's number.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  text_english/personal/ma in/my_blog_from_2018/first_post .md                                           000644  000765  0 00024  00000001010 15177753505  024625  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            00000 0  000000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11- 19

# First post

Hi

It's me,  Samuel Shadrach. If you've neve r heard of me you're probably o n the wrong page.

Over the cou rse of the next few days I plan  to add stuff that:
 - I find i nteresting
 - I talk about ofte n
 - I'd like to share

I'm doi ng this mainly to help people t o get to know me more quickly,  without requiring x hours of co nversation where I repeat stuff  I've told to dozens of people  before.

This might not always  be the only aim of this blog, b ut it is the only aim I can thi nk of right now.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        text_en glish/personal/main/my_blog_fro m_2018/my_philosophy_and_opinio ns_on_stuff.md                  000644  000765  000024  0000003 4544 15237320641 032005  0                                                                                                        ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  000000                                                                                                                                                                               2026-08-13

## Update
 
 - Redacted one sentence aroun d Indian political parties. I a void publicly supporting any sp ecific political party in India , for reasons of my own safety. 

---

2018-11-26

# My philoso phy and opinions on stuff

Upda te (13 Oct 2019):

One thing I  should point out. My view on mo rality has changed / become mor e nuanced. I'm not against mora lity, only consistent moral cod es and that also only as a pers onal philosophy. Law is require d to be consistent, but humans  can't be and they shouldn't pre tend they can.

People are happ iest when their morality most c losely mirrors their natural te ndencies for empathy, which var y from person to person. So I'm  fine with both morality and im morality. But why act "naturall y"? Because we are human and tr apped in human bodies. We can d o no better than what makes us  happy. If you dislike that, wel l, there's the call of the void  :p

If you want to believe in  ideals bigger orore noble than  that, that's your wish but I wi ll see them as unnecessary and  not as smart until you take int o account that you have these i deals only to keep yourself hap py. If you do account for this,  do whatever you wish.

Philoso phy attempts to find consistent  theories and explanations, but  if you wanna be a living contr adiction, not even realising th at you contradict yourself in t hought it word or action, that' s your wish and I can't argue a gainst it (except maybe saying  it isn't stable for smart peopl e and you won't be happy foreve r). But if you're stupid and it  works, I can't argue against i t. I can't argue that all peopl e must try to be smart.

P.s. I  could use better, more nuanced  language if spend more time on  this, but I'm lazy for now. Yo u'll get a better picture of my  philosophy if we talk directly .



Original post:

Note: Sorr y I'm editing this post a lot.  I'm just trying figure out the  best way to say what I want to  say.

---------------------

Oo oooh .. this will take a while. 

A gateway question to philoso phy that I often ask people is  what would you do if a genie ga ve you a wish (or three wishes) . Hopefully the answer I hear i s infinite wishes. If not I rem ind them that infinite wishes i s also an option. Instead of st opping at that as one normally  expects, I ask what would you d o now with your infinite wishes ?

You could solve poverty. You  could live a life of wealth si nce money can always be wished  for. You could teleport to trav el. You could create universes  of your own with properties you  desire. You could alter people 's minds. You're god basically.  The choice blindness associate d with becoming all-powerful is  not something most people (inc luding me) are prepared for.

T hat being said, I'll move on to  an attempt at describing my ph ilosophies, value systems etc.  Emphasis is on stating and expl aining my beliefs rather than p ublishing complete arguments fo r them. Also I'm writing more w ith common people in mind, rath er than hard-core philosophers,  since they're who I come into  contact with on a daily basis.  Plus I'm a common person too in  that regard; most of my knowle dge on philosophy comes just fr om browsing wikipedia :P

If yo u have some interest in any of  what I'm talking about, you sho uld write to me - we could disc uss stuff.

------------------- ----------------------

I'll st art by saying that I'm generall y scientifically minded, and lo ok at philosophy from a scienti fic angle as well.

The scienti fic procedure is basically star ting with a hypothesis, devisin g an experiment to prove the hy pothesis, actually conducting t he experiment and then inferrin g from the results. IMHO philos ophy has pretty much come to de note the study of those hypothe ses for which we are unable to  devise an experiment for yet.

 For instance, "can we reach the  stars?" would have been a phil osophical question until we und erstood astronomy. "Can we be b roken down into small indivisib le particles?" would have been  philosophy until we discovered  atoms, and consequently subatom ic particles and the quantum re alm. In the same way questions  like "do we possess free will?"  or "is the universe determinis tic?" might very well have scie ntific answers in the coming ye ars. For instance the question  of free will might be partially  solved (or at the very least,  defined in better terms) once w e have a better understanding o f the human brain, whilst deter minism will become more and mor e solved as our understanding o f the laws of physics improves. 

I am an atheist, I don't beli eve in any of the existing reli gions because of lack of scient ific evidence. There are a numb er of psychological factors why  religion continues to be preva lent inspite of this lack of ev idence. I do feel it is possibl e however that religion will la rgely disappear in the next 50- 100 years. And that people are  becoming smarter, more well-inf ormed and more self-aware with  each passing generation.

----- ----------------

Here's an att empt at a summary for the rest  of the post

Nothing is fundame ntal. What we value is partly p rogrammed into our human minds  and partly our choice. Hence I' m quite accepting of people wit h different values than mine (a s a consequence of different in ternal programming), as long as  they are rational about how th ose internal values translate i nto a worldview and how that wo rldview translates into actions  in everyday life.

I believe i t is possible for (non-human) r ational agents to exist that ha ve complete different values fr om us.

I personally happen to  place high value on rationality  (and by extension, consistency  of one's worldview) though I a gree this is by no means fundam ental either.

---------------- ---

I do not believe in morals  as fundamental (moral nihilism ). And this is somewhere I know  I probably differ with a large  number of (non-philosophic) pe ople.

To some extent morals ar e something we've gained as an  evolutionary advantage. A speci es survives better if its indiv iduals take into account not ju st their individual needs but t he needs of the group as a whol e. Animals have this sense too.  At what point in the evolution ary heirarchy does a tendency t o protect one's fellow individu als turn into an emotion called  empathy, I don't know. I don't  know how emotional monkeys are . Or dogs or cows or fish or be es.

I see nothing fundamentall y wrong in being empathetic or  not being so. I'm generally som eone who does not empathise eas ily, and see nothing wrong in i t. Nor do I see anything wrong  in someone who is empathetic.

 I only see inconsistencies in t he idea of following a sense of  morality that exceeds your nat ural tendencies for empathy. Wh erein you decide that you shoul d follow some uniform moral cod e. Why follow such a code?

I h ave looked at various such mora l principles and found a lot of  duplicity in all of them. Some  of these are:
1. Valuing every one's lives equally. - let's sa y you're willing to do X to sav e one guy's life. By that logic  you should be willing to a tho usand times of X to save a thou sand lives. But I doubt anyone  would do that, since in our min d, the happiness we gain when s aving a thousand people can nev er be a thousand times of the h appiness we gain when we save a  single person.
2. Valuing a ra ndom stranger's life anywhere c lose to the value of your own l ife.  - same logic as the previ ous one.

I agree my arguments  aren't perfect or complete, but  I'd much rather discuss this i n person since then I don't hav e to make guesses about where e xactly your philosophy differs  from mine and what would be the  best way of making you underst and my philosophy.

I had some  good discussion on this on Redd it, you could check it out here .

I tend to do that which make s me happy. I'm essentially hed onistic, utilitarian even. I va lue other people's happiness on ly so long as their happiness h as an impact on my happiness.

 But I don't see hedonism as a c hoice, rather it's a natural co nsequence of possessing a human  body and brain. And hence appl ies to pretty much everyone.

I  agree that we do have some con trol over what makes us happy.  But certainly not complete cont rol.

I am a strong (existentia l) nihilist in the sense that I  believe that all attempts at f inding a meaning or purpose to  life are pointless. I'll go so  far as to say the we don't even  understand why we're looking f or it (as in why do we think we  will feel more 'whole' if we h ad a purpose). If your purpose  is just something you feel like  doing or something you're pass ionate about, then of course th ere is always something we feel  like doing. If you're sitting  on a chair for too long, you fe el like getting up. And what yo u're passionate about is somewh at intrinsic and somewhat entir ely your choice. So yeah existe ntialism holds water too, then,  I guess? Evolution has ensured  that we procreate, could we sa y it is our "purpose" to procre ate? I guess not, since evoluti on is a process, not a rational  agent.

Maybe you're hoping th at some God created us and gave  us an objective "your purpose  in life is to do X". Would that  satisfy you?

I'm willing to a sk radical questions and actual ly mean them. For instance I se e nothing inherently wrong in s omeone who murders people if th e net result is that he/she is  happier after the murder. #

I  don't see anything inherently w rong in consuming drugs to make  oneself happy. Okay I do have  problems with specific drugs th at have scientific evidence to  show the people using them are  not really happy anymore. But I  have nothing against the hypot hetical concept of a drug that  makes you happy in general.

A  question I've recently spent ti me thinking about is, does the  future outweigh the present? An d no, I don't see any reason wh y it should, on the contrary we  tend to see the present as wha t's most important. Consequentl y I see nothing wrong in suicid al people actually committing s uicide as opposed to taking the  effort to improve their mood a nd maybe leading happy lives in  the future.

Perhaps that just  means I am non-conformist in m y thinking. But I am willing to  admit that I'm conforming to s ociety just the same. We all ar e. And that's because we're hap piest when we do so (conform to  social rules).

I'll also say  that I'm often driven by a purs uit of the truth. But this is j ust a fact, it's not necessaril y something I pride myself on a nd I don't mind if it ceases to  be true in the future. You cou ld say I pride myself on my cap acity for truth-seeking, rather  than what I actually use it fo r.

The world is infinitely mor e complex than our capacity to  understand it, and to a suffici ently intelligent agent we'd ju st look like what bees or germs  look like to us. If anything,  the idea that one day we could  reach a state where we understo od everything possible about ou rselves and the world around it  seems somewhat hard to imagine . There likely will always be q uestions (for example right now  it could be the hard problem o f consciousness) that show to u s how little we understand abou t important matters.

All of sc ience and philosophy is driven  by a desire to know the truth.  But we can never reach the trut h, we can only get closer and c loser, yet be infinitely far aw ay. Hence I do not place a fund amental value on the pursuit of  truth either.

A possible metr ic to determine how close we ar e to the truth could to be ask,  how intelligent must an agent  be to able to see the contradic tions implied by the theories w e believe in. But then that req uires a definition of intellige nce, so it doesn't really answe r the question. I'm yet to be c onvinced one way or the other o n whether it is possible to def ine 'intelligence' in such a wa y that it becomes some sort of  a linear scale against which al l rational agents can be graded  upon. And here when I say inte lligence I mean some sort of ge neral intelligence (g factor ma ybe?) that transcends the capab ilities of any specific kind of  intelligence.

A very importan t point that I've only recently  noticed about us as humans is  the enormous value we tend to p lace on consistent thinking and  actions. Whether or not our pe rsonal worldview is self-contra dictory matters even more to us  than whether it is the 'right'  worldview or whether it confor ms with the worldview of others .

But my experience is that ke eping our thoughts and actions  consistent with some arbitrary  laws that we conceptualise in o ur minds, is impossible. (Relat ed: the stuff I wrote on moral  nihilism) And this is because w e have only partial control ove r what does and doesn't matter  to us. The rest is predetermine d by the hardwirings of the hum an mind, which have nothing to  do with any rational laws and a re all about survival right her e and right now.

Hence I displ ay a natural resistance towards  the idea of any sort of laws o r code as part of my worldview. 

----------------------------
 
P.S. Yes I've had a couple of  existential crises but I've got ten over them. I'm a nihilist,  an existentialist and/or an abs urdist now depending on the way  you wanna look at it.

P.S.2 W hen I say I do not place a fund amental value on X, that does n ot mean I place no value in X.  It just means I do not lead a l ife devoted to X alone or belie ve that X cannot be contradicte d.

P.S.2 Someone asked me to a dd my political opinion here so  ... [REDACTED]

I have problem s with democracy as a concept.  I believe a meritocracy would b e better. The common people cou ld be perhaps given a dead's ma n switch to dissolve the govern ment if things go amiss, but th ey most certainly are not the b est people to decide who are th e best people to rule them. And  giving them just 2 or 3 or eve n 10 options that have been pre selected by a party or equally  random process is just stupid.  If you want to have democracy,  at the very least eradicate the  concept of political parties.
 
I also have some issue with th e economic system we have, but  I agree it's not an easy job co ming up with a suitable alterna tive. And pretty much an imposs ible task convincing the world  to adopt it.

----------------- --------

Disclaimer: That does n't mean I'm likely to commit s erious crimes such as murder, a nd I have sound reasons, the mo st important of which is I don' t have much to gain from it. I  don't naturally hate people, so  it's not like killing someone  is going to make me happy. Nor  do I find myself stuck in unsat isfactory situations where kill ing someone is the only way out . I also lack the know-how/capa bility to get away with it. Als o it will lead to poorer relati ons with other moralists.

And  as I've already mentioned, I em pathise less than the average p erson - that doesn't mean I'm i ncapable of empathising with pe ople (including strangers).

Th is huge disclaimer is primarily  to convince stronger moralists  that I'm not a psycho and can  still function normally in a so ciety, if I state it in simpler  terms.                                                                                                                                                                 text_english/personal/m ain/my_blog_from_2018/inception _dynamics_fanfic.md                            000644  000765   000024  00000115544 15177753505  027640  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            0000 00  000000                                                                                                                                                                              2026-04 -02

## Repost note

 - I don't  consider this actually good fa nfic. If you're interested in g ood fanfic though, there's bett er stuff online.
 - I appreciat e past Samuel for trying and ex perimenting with stuff.

2018-1 1-20

# Inception dynamics - fa nfic

I wrote this March-end 20 18.

Not my first attempt at wr iting, but I don't really remem ber much or have access to any  of the stuff I had written befo re.

It's is set in the same wo rld as the movie Inception, and  assumes that you have watched  it. Also I know I could add mor e, a lot more. I have the ideas , I'm just am not motivated to  pen them down.

Enjoy!


Docs l ink to the story in case blogge r has issues with formatting. 
 
"Aaaaarrggghh!"
"Aaaaaaaaaaaaa aa!!!!"
A dimly-lit room comes  into focus. Fenix is on the tab le ... God, he is bleeding to d eath! Thin metallic wires emana te from each arm, each leg, the  chest and the head. I hope he  isn't naked.
I'm still hazy whe n the door opens and Tracy walk s in. What is she doing here? H er presence snaps my reflexes i nto overdrive.
"Why are you her e?", I shout. Fenix is whimperi ng now ... almost unconscious.  Tracy grabs my hands with hers  ... "You need to come with me." 
Her eyes are pale. Where on ea rth am I?
Oh my goodness am I d reaming? I shut my eyes, draw a  breath and try to focus. I fin d myself in another room, much  larger but not that bright eith er. We were going into a shared  dream. Fenix was going to buil d the world, we were going to o ccupy it.
It hits me, yes we ar e dreaming. I just need to figu re out a way to kill myself now . I look out the window. There  is absolutely nothing as far as  I can see. It's pitch dark. Tr acy grabs me harder. "You can't  go, we don't know what's out t here.", she says. For one momen t I panic that she could be rig ht, perhaps this world is real.  But it isn't and I'm sure of t hat.
I shut my eyes, push her a way and jump out.


I am back a t the room I was remembering ea rlier, the one with the weird C hinese writings on the walls. M y pulse is high. I see the othe rs, Fenix, Josh, Andre wake up  from their respective dreams.
" Oh you gave me such a fright, F enix!", I say, almost shout act ually. "Why would you do that?" 
Now I'm looking at his unfocus sed eyes as they slowly converg e on me, as if I'm the only thi ng that exists in his world. An d now I know what happened.
"I' m sorry, Mark", he says.
"It's  okay, Fenix, it's okay. You sur e had it worse than I did.". I  try to console him as he comes  out of his panic attack.
"it's  getting worse, isn't it? You sh ould tell your doctor.", I say.  "Yeah, probably", he says, tho ugh I doubt he plans to, any ti me soon.
Josh has already walke d out of the room. He's angry I  guess, but he doesn't know who  to take his anger out on. Andr e is just processing everything  in the room as always. As sile nt as always.
"Hey Andre, you d oing okay there?", I ask.
"I'm  fine. I watched Josh being tort ured though." And she gives jus t the hint of a smile and I hav e to seriously wonder if she en joyed it.
Which all the more re minds me that these people are  not my friends. Perhaps Fenix i s, but the rest are just here b ecause it's convenient. I can't  grow attached to them because  I can't know what they might do  next.

I find myself at my hom e again. I'm half-drunk. The wh ole day seemed to pass in a blu r. First the incident at the dr eam den. Then work at Emitec. T hen to a bar with my colleagues  because it's Friday night and  we're closing for a week due to  maintenance.
I switch on my co mputer hoping for something wor th my attention. Sure there are  messages. And sure I reply the m. But it's all mundane. I open  my last chat with Tracy for th e umpteenth time.
Tracy: I'm su re you'll love it!
Mark: Maybe.  But it ain't as fun without yo u. *laughs*
Tracy: Aww.. don't  worry. You'll see me soon enoug h.
Mark: Yeah. Take care. :)
Tr acy: You too!!!!! <3 <3 <3
Noth ing to possibly indicate why sh e wouldn't be back at home by t he end of the week. It's been s ix months now. And I still thin k of her every single day, drea m of her every single night. Ho ping she isn't dead, though tha t's what the police say I shoul d assume. At times I wonder if  her sour-faced parents are in s ome way involved. I don't trust  them one bit. Her dad drinks w ay too much and is hardly coher ent. Her mom seems okay but she  has that look. Tracy seems to  get along with her mom. But I'm  sure they overdo their nicetie s with each other when I'm arou nd.
I should get some sleep. As  in the ordinary type of sleep. 

A distant ringing catches my  attention. Am I dreaming again?  I'm in my room, but that doesn 't mean I couldn't have imagine d it. The ringing is now more p rominent – it's coming from u nder my bed. Why would I put my  phone under my bed?
"Yo Mark,  what's up, man?"
"I'm cool, man , what about you?"
"Yeah I'm fi ne too. Listen, you remember An gelo269?"
"Yeah obviously, he's  the one who patched you throug h to the Necromen isn't it?"
"W ell, yes and no. Anyways that's  not the point. The point is th at Artifex is dead."
"What?"
"Y eah, man. His brother just post ed a picture of him on the netw ork feed. Shot himself in the h ead."
"So who's going to take o ver?"
"I don't know. Right now  his brother is using his accoun t. Angelo says I should contest  to become a Necroman. I wanted  a second opinion."
"Well I'm t he last person to ask about the  politics of a hacker collectiv e."
"Data min-", he interrupts
 "Data mining collective. Whatev er. You do what you want to do.  I won't be crying if you're th e next one dead."
"Ouch. We're  not the kind of freaks you peop le are."
"Yeah well I don't kno w about that. Atleast we know e ach other by name."
"But you're  passouts from MIT, dude! You c ould be doing something better  than drinks and drugs."
Is he m otivating me or insulting me?
" Well first of all I don't drink  that much. You should see some  of my co-workers. Second, drea m-sharing using Orthenol is not  the same as doing drugs and yo u bloody well know that. Third  I do have a well-paying job and  I AM doing something with my l ife."
"Like dreaming about your  ex-girlfriend to the point of  obsession? Sometimes I worry ab out you, you know."
"Thanks but  I'm doing okay. I know you don 't agree with me, but the kind  of research we do in dream-shar ing can change pretty much ever ything. We could be millionaire s."
"Or in prison."
"You know y ou're the one who introduced me  to all this. And now you what,  want me to stop?", I retort.
" No. But I sometimes wonder if y ou are actually capable of doin g the research or you're just g onna end up addicted to it."
"B ye Nick."
"Bye. See you soon."
 
 What is the time? Should I sl eep now or wake up?
It's 12. 12  noon. I've overslept. But that 's okay since I don't have any  work lined up. Or do I?

I see  Andre tinkering with a large me tallic clock. Or atleast what I  assume is a clock, since I can 't see the face. It seems heavy  and she seems so frail. She se ts it on a stool, not showing a ny signs of exertion.
Right, we  were going to figure out if th ere is a way to measure time in  a dream.
I'm offered a cloth d ipped in antiseptic and a wire. 
"My turn ... ", says Josh.
"Co me on, you're atleast going to  first tell us what we're gettin g into, right?" That was Fenix. 
"Best kept a surprise. And it' s all safe, don't worry. I've d one the calculations.", Josh re plies.
What kind of dream requi res calculations? Well many do  if they're complex enough. But  we've strictly agreed with each  other that experiments will be  conducted in simple environmen ts, simple enough that one can  differentiate them from the com plexity of reality.
I wipe my w rist and slip in the wire probe .

I find myself in a heavy sui t. Drifiting. Must be an astron aut's suit, which is what the o thers are wearing. We're in a s pherical glass enclosure with n o gravity. Outside there's only  darkness and distant stars. I  turn around in the direction th e others are facing.
There's a  huge planet. Or atleast it look s huge to us. Looks like Jupite r with its bands of red and ora nge. Josh must have thought of  Jupiter when he imagined it.
We ightlessness does feel strange.  But in a way it's exactly like  what I would have imagined it  to be. That makes sense, since  everything in a dream is recrea ted from memory. Imagination is  nothing but an extension of ou r memory. We can imagine new en vironments, but the basic colou rs, the visuals, and the sensat ions we experience in a dream c an only be reconstructed from e xperiences we have already been  through, from sensations we ha ve already experienced. We mean ing me or one of the others. So  apparently Josh imagines weigh tlessness pretty much the same  way I do.
But why has he brough t us here?
Time. It's got somet hing to do with time. That's wh at we were discussing.
The plan et is now moving towards us. Re ally slowly. And we feel gently  pulled towards it. Are we movi ng or is the planet? It's hard  to make out.
I look at Josh. So  do the others. He just smiles  and gives a look as to indicate  'enjoy the show!'. 
We wait. T he planet is getting larger, bu t really slowly. That gentle fo rce I assume would be gravity.  Unless Josh has broken the laws  of physics for this experiment , it means the enclosure we are  in is being pulled by the plan et due to gravity.
The force is  getting stronger now. We all h it the surface of the glass enc losure simultaneously.
Suddenly  it feels as if the planet is u nder us. As in the downward dir ection is towards the planet an d the sky is on the other side.  It's weird and confusing. I in stinctively try to stand.
I'm s ure Josh has broken physics atl east to some extent to keep us  alive in this capsule. Otherwis e the pressure variations in th e air would have killed us by n ow. I am able to stand. And I n ow realise that by standing I h ave again assumed that the plan et is in the downward direction . I fall down again, confused.
 What is Josh doing? Did he brin g us here to overpower our mind s with chaos? But he can't do t hat can he? We're only one leve l down, the worst case scenario  is that we suffer for a few ho urs and then we wake up.
A few  hours. A few hours of suffering  can really change things. I am  panicking, I will myself to ca lm down.

Chinese writings on t he wall. We're back at the drea m den then. I've woken up. So h ave the others.
"What was that? ", Fenix demands. "You should h ave told us what we were gettin g into."
I ask Fenix to relax.  I'm sure there's a logical expl anation. Okay I've got it.
"I w as trying to see if I could use  time dilation to stretch the l ength of the dream indefinitely . The planet was for slowing do wn time.", says Josh.
Yes my gu ess was right. And he failed. W hich kind of seems obvious to m e. Imagining a stretch in time  cannot actually induce it, can  it?
"What if you had succeeded? ", Fenix shouts back. These peo ple really need to control thei r tempers. They're not exactly  meant for dream-sharing, these  people, but I've got to put up  with them.
"Then we would have  hit the planet and woken up.",  says Josh.
"No that's not it. W e woke up because the g-force w e were experiencing was too hig h for our dream to remain stabl e. That happened long before we  hit the planet." That was me.  Calculations, yeah right. Josh  hasn't even figured this out ye t.
Andre is silent as always. I  really wonder what goes on in  her mind. Nothing ever surprise s her. No matter how imaginativ e. And her dreams are always fu n, somehow. Simple but creative .
I wonder if I'm attracted to  Andre.

Suddenly there's loud r apping on the door.
"FBI. Open  up!" It's a man's voice.
We're  under siege.
One look at each o ther and we all know what to do .
Josh grabs his keys and unloc ks the facing door. We all run  into the corridor. But I soon r ealise it's pointless. If they' ve come this far in, they've pr obably blocked all the exits. T hat doesn't stop me from runnin g however.
A burly man in unifo rm surprises me from the side a nd deals a blow that knocks me  unconscious.

I feel drowsy and  exhausted. Have I been drugged ? My feet feel numb. Where am I ?
I'm sitting on a metallic cha ir. Another man, wearing a mili tary uniform sits on the facing  chair. The room is empty but f or a table in between us and a  pile of papers on it. Oh great. 
He starts off in an authoritat ive voice. "My name is Andrew R uss. I'm from the NSA and I'm i n charge of your stay here and  impending arrest."
I say nothin g.
"You are Mark Simon Rutherfe ll, son of Jim Rutherfell. You  are being charged for possessio n and repeated consumption of t he drug Orthonel for the past s ix months. Do you confess?"
Do  I even have a choice? I haven't  been offered a lawyer. Where's  Tracy?
"You may take your time  to answer. Note however that s ubstantial evidence has already  been found against you, and no t confessing will not really do  you much good."
Okay right, Tr acy isn't here. Tracy cannot be  here because she's missing. Sh e only exists in my dreams now.  Oh that's it, isn't it? Why wa s I so slow?
I curl my palm int o a fist. I imagine a tiny pill  forming inside it. And I swall ow the pill.

I find myself wak ing up in an identical room. Th e man is still there. He's just  about a foot away now, staring  into my face. But he's smiling  this time.
"That was impressiv e. Do you know where we are?"
O kay it's not an identical room.  The walls have the same grey t inge but there are a lot more o bjects in the room. And a one-w ay glass on the side.
"No." is  all I say.
"What I told you in  the dream was all true. You are  under arrest and we do have ev idence including matching writt en testimonies from your friend s Josh and Fenix. Telling this  to you in a dream was a form of  a test."
What test? Am I still  dreaming? I realise my hands h ave been handcuffed this time.
 So I imagine a pill directly in  my mouth this time. If they wa nt to talk to me they better do  it in reality.

I'm in a diffe rent room now. Well it's not a  room, more of an endless corrid or. It's dark, and we're probab ly underground. I see seats and  units of dreaming-sharing equi pment as far as I can see. But  there are no people. Except for  me and Andrew, who seems to be  waking up from a similar seat. 
He just looks at me, blank and  unreadable this time. Seeing n o emotions on his face feels pe aceful to me. Makes him look in telligent.
"Would I surprise yo u if I said there are a hundred  more vaults like this?", he as ks.
Would anything surprise me  now? I say it out loud. "I doub t anything would surprise me at  this point."
I need to be sure  this is reality. I try hard im agining a pill in my mouth. But  I can't feel the pill on my to ngue. I close my eyes and focus . Something or someone is fight ing me.
He grabs me by my shoul ders. I'm sure he could break m y back simply by bending my sho ulders together.
I ignore him a nd focus on my pill. He uses hi s fingers to open my eyelids. I  need to focus on the pill.
He  kicks me with such force I end  up staggering to the wall. And  I collapse. He might just have  broken my leg, for the pain is  intense.
"We are done playing g ames", he shouts. "Whether we t alk in a dream or in reality is  upto you, the fact remains tha t you are under arrest and you  do not leave until we allow you  to leave. Are we clear?"
I can  feel the pill now. I maintain  my focus. I can't ever lose tra ck of the fact that my world is  not real. That is the most imp ortant thing. Who knows how man y layers under I am or what tor tures I am yet to experience. T he pill tastes sweet.

I find m yself at what looks like a pris on. The cells are locked with n o way to look in or out. I'm no t inside a cell, I'm outside. T he whole place is desolate. And rew is not here.
I would assume  I'm in Limbo. But I can't be s ure, since I've only ever been  in it once. Fenix felt it was u nsafe to enter Limbo to run exp eriments until a future time, a nd I agreed with him. But here  I am now.
Three layers. And a L imbo layer. Who knows how many  layers are possible?
I make my  way out of the prison.
I'm at a  water park. And it's full of n ameless people. Tracy is callin g out to me now. She looks amaz ing. I can feel the confusion r ising up in me. This feels so r andom, exactly like a child's d ream. I can't imagine that heft y man dreaming of a water park. 
"Hey, you forgot to change.",  she says.
I realise I'm the onl y one wearing a suit. I look at  all the rides, all the people.  None of their faces are visibl e. I can assign faces to them.  I can alter the dream.
Getting  out of here seems the only logi cal thing to do.
"Hey. Is somet hing the matter?" Her voice is  sweet. But I know that's only b ecause that's how I think of he r. It's not really her, it's my  projection of her. Seeing her  reminds me all the more that I  need to get out.
How do I get o ut?
How does one get out of Lim bo?
I search my brains but find  no answer. I'm slipping.
"Hey,  listen to me. It's going to be  alright. Just tell me what's w rong." She is shouting now, to  penetrate my thoughts.
"You're  not real.", I say.
"I'm real to  you. Come with me and let me s how you." And she tugs at my sh oulder.
"No.", I say as she pul ls me on. "No", I say a bit lou der, adamant not to move from m y place.
Perhaps Andrew didn't  imagine this water park, perhap s I did. I don't know if it is  possible to build Limbo subcons ciously.
I could just imagine a  pill and wake up. Why didn't I  think of that?
I imagine the p ill. This time it's awfully bit ter. I can feel myself slowly l osing consciousness. Tracy is h ysteric, holding me as I fall t o the ground.

"Bloody well don e." The voice makes sure to emp hasise each of the three words. 
I'm in another interrogation r oom. How many more such rooms a m I going to see?
"How did you  know about multi-layered dreami ng?", he asks.
So Andrew is sti ll ... Andrew.
I try focussing  on a pill. But I somehow know I  won't be able to conjure one.
 I'm in reality.
He's looking at  me, a bit concerned. He seemed  like an overly military person  at the start, now he gives a d ifferent impression altogether. 
"I've read the original Incept ion transcripts.", I reply.
"Wh ich ones?", he prods on.
Which  ones? So yes, it's a thing now.  Shared dreaming is no longer a  luxury for the elite, it's a r eality for everyone.
"They clai m Robert Fischer dissolved his  empire because that thought was  planted in his mind."
"Right.  Right." He seems to vaguely rem ember. He also seems to be conc erned with more important thing s. As if the dissolution of an  entire conglomerate is the last  thing that he cares about.
He  looks at a computer screen on h is desk. "17 milliseconds. Whic h means you were in Limbo for 4 5 minutes. Couldn't find your w ay back?", he asks.
"What do yo u want from me?", I drone. I'm  tired now.
He takes on a seriou s expression.
"We're at war. Ha ve been so for the past eight m onths. Ever since the Jolenko t wins discovered Orthenol. The n ews you read in papers is just  the start. We're lucky there ha ven't been any nuclear attacks  yet."
I'm not surprised.
But he aring all this makes me want to  just collapse and die right he re.
But I can't do that because  this is reality and if I kill  myself there is no waking up fr om it. I want to see my Tracy a tleast once before I die.
"We'r e recruiting agents in hundreds . And every once in a while we  find someone like you, someone  whose talents are wasted if we  just turn you into another fiel d agent. We will be placing you  in research, just like you alw ays wanted. Do you understand w hat I am saying?"
I just stare. 
"Travelling through layers can  be exhausting. It's probably b een your first time. I'll send  someone to attend to you." And  he walks out.
I wait. This time  I don't even bother to figure  out what the room looks like. H ow does it matter?
A young nurs e walks in.
Even she reminds me  of Tracy.
"Can't you just leav e me alone? You're not real.",  I shout.
The moment I say it I  want to take it back.
"Umm, can  I help you in any way?", she r eplies in a polite tone.
But it 's not a genuine politeness. No r does it sound entirely put on . Her tone is different. She's  not a nurse as I initially judg ed from her uniform, she's prob ably a psychiatrist or somethin g. Who knows what new jobs have  opened to support dream-sharin g?
"I'm sorry, you reminded me  of someone. I'm fine.", I say.
 "Fine is relative. I'll show yo u to your quarters."
Fine is re lative. I almost want to laugh.  She certainly said it right.

 We walk out of the room to find  ourselves in a tunnel of sorts . Then past a number of identic al-looking doors. Each with a d igital lock. No windows.
"Where  are we?", I ask. My voice is s oft.
"Underground bunker. To be  honest even I don't know how t o pronounce this place's name y et." She laughs. "We're near Ir kutsk, Russia."
That far?
Appar ently she has anticipated my re action. "It's okay, you have a  lot to catch up on. First get s ome rest."
How am I supposed to  sleep without knowing anything ?
Well maybe they've told me a  bit.
But I need more.
"Does any one know I'm here?"
"No, you've  been declared missing by the l ocal police."
"And I can't cont act anyone?"
"We don't mean to  imprison you. You can get back  to your old life once your job  here is done."
"Is all this nec essary? I mean you could have j ust told me about all this befo rehand and made up a story abou t how I've got a great project  in Russia or wherever we are. T hat way I could still remain in  contact with my friends."
"We  don't trust the motivations of  our new recruits."
I had a feel ing that was the case, but I di dn't expect her to say it to my  face.
"Is this legal? How do I  know you're even from the NSA? "
"Fair point. As I said you ha ve a lot to catch up. We'll tal k tomorrow. You must be exhaust ed."
"No we will talk now."
A m an places his palm on my should er.
I didn't even realise he wa s following us the whole time.  That's how tired I am, I now re alise.
The woman is looking at  me, waiting to see how I react. 
"Okay we'll talk tomorrow. Whe re do I sleep?", I say.
She jus t laughs. I realise I'm already  in a room with a bed. I vaguel y remember her unlocking the do or.
And it hits me again. Am I  still dreaming? If so, this lay er is more complex than the oth ers. And difficult to build in. 
I concentrate as I try to conj ure a deadly pill in my mouth.  Forget everyone, and everything . The only thing that matters i n this instant is determining w hether this world is real or no t. But I think it's real. Maybe  I'm struggling to build becaus e I'm already biased by the ass umption that this world is real .
I need to stop assuming. I ne ed to accept the fact that this  world may just be another laye r in a dream. I'm finding it di fficult to do so. I really need  to stop making assumptions. Th is world is not real. No, this  world may be real but I can't b e sure.
And I focus on the pill .
No pill.
I open my eyes.
She  looks concerned. "Are you alrig ht?"
"This place is real, isn't  it?"
"Yes it is. Bringing you  here like this is not something  I personally approve of. It ca n be really confusing at the st art. You'll be better tomorrow. "
Her tone comforts me more tha n the words she says. She is ri ght. I need to sleep.

I open m y eyes. Tracy is staring at me.  She's confused about something . And also curious.
I wait for  her to speak until she asks, "A re you real?"
I'm taken aback.  No, that's an underestimation.  I'm shell-shocked. How do I res pond to that?
"Are you?", I res pond.
I'm delirious now. I may  be dreaming again.
Yes perhaps.  I need to wake up.
And I wake  up.

I find myself in a bedroom .
'The' bedroom.
There's a desk  and chair on one side. A close t on the other. A single light  bulb hangs from the middle of t he room, illuminating it.
I'm c overed in sweat. But I'm still  wearing my own clothes.
I walk  to the closet, looking for some thing to wear. The closet is fu ll of clothes. Surprisingly bri ght colours for a rather dull p lace. In fact some of them are  in better shape than the clothe s I otherwise wear.
I change in to the best clothes I can find  and walk out. A guard calls me  from the end of the tunnel. Sho ws me to the way to the bathroo m and asks me to take bath. The  bathroom is in great condition .
Okay so this place isn't as a wful as I imagined it to be. Bu t it is desolate. I don't know  how big it is though.
Once done , we walk again. Tunnel after t unnel. And then a staircase. An d then more tunnels. Not exactl y the best way of designing a p lace.
Suddenly we stop at a doo r. All the doors look the same  to me, how did he know which on e to stop at? He keys in a pass word and we walk in.
Into a din ing hall packed with people. Ev eryone looks up at me.
"Hi, I'm  Mark."
Some of them nod. Some  of them smile.
I take an empty  chair and look around. Food has  been served and everyone is ea ting. Some have finished and ar e just chatting. I don't recogn ise anyone. Except for the woma n who directed me yesterday, wh o's at the other end of the hal l. About forty to fifty people.  All in casual clothes except f or a couple of guards, so I can 't make out what any of them do .
"Relax. I'm Stanley. And I re ally exist.", says the person n ext to me. The people seated ne xt to him laugh together. Clear ly they're friends.
We eat and  talk and learn more about each  other. We've all been carted of f to this place in pretty much  the same fashion. Except that t hey've been here longer than me . They've been studying books o n dream-sharing and teaching ea ch other stuff. No one claims t o have figured out all three la yers on arrival, and are surpri sed when I tell them I did.
"Yo u'd make an excellent field age nt." That was Tina, who I've ju st made acquaintance with.
"Wha t exactly do field agents even  do?", I ask.
"Convince people i n high places that they're insa ne." That was Jacob.
More laugh s.
Tina continues, "It all depe nds on what we're assigned to d o. Very few of us have actually  been on field jobs and no one  has ever returned so we really  don't have any first-hand accou nts. But you'll find a lot of c ase studies in the library."
"S o what is it exactly that we ar e assigned to do?", with some e mphasis on the word 'exactly'.
 "Sometimes it's as simple as co nvincing someone they're insane . Sometimes convincing them of  a particular truth or lie. Some times extracting information fr om them. There are techniques t o everything. In time you'll le arn."
Okay. Maybe this place wo n't be that bad. I have misjudg ed it perhaps.

After food we a re split into batches of five t o six people each. I expect to  be assigned a batch, but Rachel  (which happens to be the name  of the woman I met at the begin ning) says I can pick my own ba tch. I end up choosing the batc h Tina and Jacob are in, simply  because I don't know most of t he others. We're being instruct ed by a man named Dylan.
I real ise I need to know at this poin t whether Tracy is sitting in b unker like me or not. I ask Rac hel. She asks me to follow her. 
"When did Tracy go missing?"
" About six months ago."
"And you r use of Orthenol also began si x months ago?"
"Yes, I started  once she went missing."
"Why?"
 "I don't know why exactly. I gu ess I was feeling low and neede d something stimulating. Why is  this relevant?"
"I need to det ermine whether helping you find  her is going to help you or no t." She ensures that her voice  remains calm.
"Of course it's g oing to help me. What kind of a  question is that?", I snap.
"D o you see her often in your dre ams?"
"Yes I do. What must I do  to convince you I need to know ? Must we play this game?"
"Oka y we can stop. I'll put in a wo rd with my supervisors. What's  her full name?"
"Tracy Abgnedon ."
"Alright. Dylan is organisin g focus battles for your batche s in room 43, go ahead and join  them."
"Where are the room num bers written?"
She shows me som e tiny print on the handle next  to the digital lock. "That's w here."

"Welcome Mark. We just  began", says Rodger.
He's unusu ally fair with a white beard. T he oldest member of our batch.  And maybe even this bunker.
Tin a, Dylan and Morris are connect ed in a dream. Kylie is sitting , also silent.
I ask Kylie, "Wh at is going on exactly?"
She as ks me to be quiet.
Rodger whisp ers in my ear. "She's just nerv ous. It's her turn next and she 's battling you. She doesn't wa nt to lose to a newbie."
"But w hat exactly are we gonna do?"
T he three of them wake up.
"That  was really close. I'm just gon na call that a tie. You guys ar e showing much improvement, I m ust say.", says Dylan.
Morris a nd Tina both fake a groan.
"Hi  Mark. Ready for your first less on?", Dylan asks me.
"Yes, sir. "
"Okay. Do you know of the pri nciple 'First to build, fastest  to build'?"
"No, sir. But I co uld venture a guess."
"Okay tel l me."
"If two people try to pl ay the role of the architect, i t is possible that they may bot h end up succeeding. In that ca se the person who focusses more  is the one who becomes the pri mary architect."
I remember thi s happening once between me and  Fenix. It was confusing and fr om then onwards we decided it w as best if only one person trie d to build at one time.
"Well y ou're somewhere there. First of  all, there is no such special  role as an architect. All peopl e enter the dream with roughly  equal capacity to dream. Buildi ng is easy and fast at the star t. But once a dream has been bu ilt to some extent, it becomes  more difficult to add more deta ils, even for the person who bu ilt the dream. But not impossib le. It is also possible for the  other people to undo the detai ls of the dream, either directl y or indirectly. By indirectly,  I mean for example if fire has  been created in a dream, you c ould imagine water to quench th e fire. Indirect reversal is al ways easier than direct reversa l. Once adequate detail has bee n given to a dream it starts be coming saturated and even tiny  objects require significant eff ort to create. It is almost imp ossible however to fully satura te a dream, and people in the d ream who are aware that they ar e dreaming can always make chan ges to the dream. Got it?"
That  makes so much sense. I mean I  had a vague idea, but I didn't  exactly think of it like this.  Hearing him makes the so-called  experiments I ran back at home  feel childish.
"In today's foc us battle you will both attempt  to create a city. Both of you  will imagine yourselves to be o utside of this city. I will als o be outside this city. You are  not to imagine anything apart  from this city, and no aspect o f the city can exceed the limit s of the city. Once done I will  inspect the city and whoever h as created a greater part of th e city will win. Your city must  look as much as a real-life ci ty as possible. Are we clear?"
 "Yes, sir.", we say in unison.
 This seems fun.
He hands us a w ire each and antiseptic. "You h ave exactly one minute to plan,  after which we begin."
And he  looks at his watch.
Okay, a cit y. A city will have buildings a nd roads. Buildings can be of d ifferent heights. I try remembe ring pictures of buildings I kn ow. Apartments, clock towers, t all skyscrapers with offices in side. Details. Perhaps I should  try building the insides of th e buildings as well. But then t hat's keeping track of a lot of  things. I don't have a great m emory. Roads should have cars.  I imagine black Volkswagens on  all the streets. Also people. B ut real people can't be imagine d consciously, their behaviour  is too weird to appear human. S o I forget the people for now.
 "Five ... four .... "
I see Dyl an and Kylie have both closed t heir eyes. Kylie seems intensel y focussed. Is that supposed to  help?"
"Three... two ... one . ... Go"

I wake up to find myse lf standing on sand. Dylan is b eside me. So is a woman I vague ly recognise. She is overdresse d. It's really hot, she must be  sweating. Somewhere in the dis tance I see buildings.
I am dre aming, isn't it?
Is that the ci ty I'm supposed to build? Oh wa it, yes it is I'm wasting time.  And the woman next to me is no ne other than Kylie, she is jus t wearing a lot to disguise her  face.
I try imagining building s in the city, but I cannot, th ere is no free space. What abou t roads? I can't do that either . Maybe I'm not focussing hard  enough. I try focussing really  hard. Roads. Roads. Build roads . And I see roads. Yes, I did i t. I feel relief. And then conf usion. The roads don't look lik e the roads I imagined. Kylie h as already built the roads, it  took me this long to find out t hat they exist. What else do I  do now?
Kylie takes off her hat  and the cap from her face. And  laughs. I can't see a drop of  sweat on her. That's new.
Dylan  looks at me and says, "It's yo ur first time, it will take a w hile for you to get a hang of i t."
"But the city was already t here by the time I reached here .", I reply.
"Then you weren't  focussing hard enough."
"He was n't focussing at all", says Kyl ie, "I doubt he even knows he i s supposed to focus."
Dylan con tinues, "Have you ever woken up  in a dream and not realised th at it was a dream?"
"Yes."
"Why  does it happen?"
"I don't know ."
"How do you prevent it from  happening?"
"I don't know that  either."
"Well the way to preve nt that from happening is to fo cus on reality before you enter . Convince yourself that you ar e about to enter a new world wh ich isn't real, before you actu ally enter. Realising you are d reaming is the first step to ta king control of the creation pa rt."
Okay. Clearly I need a lot  of practice.
"Let's go back to  reality", he says and fades in to the sky.
A misty hand tickle s my legs and then pinches one. 
I look at Kylie, but she is la ughing as she turns into sand a nd falls to the ground.
I imagi ne a deadly pill in my mouth, s wallow it and wake up.

I spend  the rest of the day with Tina  in that room, trying to improve  my focus. There are more activ ities lined up but I choose not  to go. I don't want to be sing led out as a weakling or a newb ie. Dylan is okay with this, an d he takes Morris and Kylie.
Ti na is pretty encouraging. I rea lise she's been here a long tim e and is quite bored. Teaching  me is a new form of entertainme nt for her.
By the end of the d ay I'm exhilarated yet tired. I  haven't eaten lunch and neithe r has Tina. We head to the dini ng hall.
Dinner passes by quick ly, and though I eat a lot and  the food is fresh from the loca l market, none of it makes an i mpression. I'm too exhausted to  do anything.
I end up lying on  my bed, tired as anything but  not wanting to go to sleep agai n.
I wonder who collects the fo od. I'm sure some of the guards  have actually been outside thi s bunker and are in interaction  with the locals.
I wonder how  everyone manages to stay so che erful in what is essentially a  prison. There are some people w ho look sad, and some who look  like they're not bothered, but  the majority actually looks qui te cheerful. Perhaps they're go od at hiding their emotions.
I  also wonder why Rachel hesitate d so much in enquiring about Tr acy. Can't she see how much it  matters to me? I haven't yet di scussed much of my old life wit h my new-found allies, and I do n't plan to any time soon.
I do n't know how long I'm going to  last like this. Or whether I am  actually achieving anything he re. Yes it can be fun at times.  Shared-dreaming is fun. But it 's also tiring. Life hasn't bee n the same without Tracy.
I'm s ure it's past two in the mornin g when I actually fall asleep.
 
I'm seated in an aeroplane. Tr acy is sitting beside me.
I fee l sick already.
She has that sa me look on her face. I know wha t she's about to ask.
"Are you  real?"
I look at her. Her eyes  radiate life, mine are as cold  as death.
"No, I'm just a voice  in your head.", I whisper.
Sud den panic in her eyes. Also con cern.
"No!", she exclaims, "You 're real."
I don't know what to  say.
"Prove it.", I say.
She s tarts crying. I can't bear to s ee her cry. Even though I know  it's just dream. I wish I hadn' t said what I had said. I wish  I could be anywhere but here. I  wish I never existed.
My finge rs intertwine with hers.
"It'll  be okay.", she says. She is tr ying to reassure me.
"Okay", an d I cuddle up with her as the s un vanishes in the clouds.

We  get meat for breakfast, which d oes help liven everyone up. Or  so I feel.
Everyone's busy disc ussing the newspapers that have  been brought by one of the gua rds. Since we're not allowed in ternet or any form of communica tion, newspapers are our main s ource of information.
The newsp apers are mostly in Russian, so  Radlek is translating. He is t he only guard who knows enough  Russian to do so.
The guards ar e unexpectedly sociable with th e inhabitants of the bunker. Th ough I'm sure their loyalty res ts with their superiors in case  of an attempted rebellion. The y also are the only ones with o utside access, weapons or any t raining in using weapons, so re belling is pointless.
After hea ring an hour of debate on which  countries will or will not sig n the Brussels Protocol, or whe ther the emergency elections in  France will be boycotted or no t, or how many countries will a lly against the US after the Sh anghai bombings, I'm tired. It' s all politics. And it feels li ke the people we're discussing  belong to another world altoget her, as if this bunker is the o nly thing that's real.
I'm not  the only one who feels so.
"Why  are we here?", I ask Morris.
" To train ourselves to become go od field agents", he replies.
  "No I mean, why lock us up in t his bunker?"
"Who knows what ha ppens when world leaders start  panicking? Or maybe keeping us  locked here is indeed the safes t thing to do from their point  of view. If we choose not to co mply, we are effectively impris oned and out of their way."
"Wh y Russia?"
"These regions are l ess likely to be targets of a n uclear attack."
"Are we really  that close to a nuclear holocau st?"
"No one knows. But we're n ot close to a peaceful world ei ther."
"Do you miss your life b efore ... all this?"
"No, not a t all. But I know that's uncomm on."
"Okay, and why don't you?  Was it that awful?"
"No, it was  that long ago. I've spent year s in dream time, and I can't im agine a life before this bunker ."
"What if you forget that thi s is reality, and get lost in a  dream? Multi-layered dreaming  is not permitted here except un der strict supervision."
"Admit  it, our supervisors from beyon d don't even know what they are  doing. Have we spent one full  day sticking to the schedule th at's sent by them?"
"I've not b een here long, so I wouldn't kn ow. But yeah I get your point." 
"Okay tell me one thing. You'v e got your eyes on Tina, haven' t you?"
"What, no! I just spent  one day with her. You people d o seem rather kiddish at times. "
"Are you sure?" He's almost m ocking me at this point.
"Prett y girls are common as dust." I  didn't expect to hear that comi ng from my mouth. "And I can't  appreciate half the jokes that  are cracked here."
"Yeah well,  whatever it takes to stay sane.  Some of them don't even care a nymore whether we're in reality  or not." And he points to the  people dancing in the corner.
" Dream-sharing changes everyone,  doesn't it? And I thought I wo uld like this place."
"Oh you d on't?"
"No, not anymore. The wh ole thing feels like a fantasy  and a nightmare all rolled into  one."
"Chaos. You'll get used  to it."
"No I don't think so. W hat if I enrolled to become a f ield agent? Will that get me a  way out?"
"Everyone thinks that  at first. But Doctor Rachel is  here to ensure no one fakes th eir loyalty. And she does a pre tty good job."
"Rachel? So you' re saying the only way out of h ere is to convince I'm madly pa triotic to my nation?" I find i t awkward to have to address Ra chel as doctor. So why bother t o?
"Well that's the first step.  There are further psychologica l evaluations that are conducte d once you get out. Have you by  any chance told her anything a bout your old life?"
"Yeah she  knows about ... my girl. Went m issing six months back."
"Oh, t hat's why you made that comment  when I asked you about Tina."  He pauses. "She's not here by a ny chance, is she? I mean in on e of the bunkers."
"Well Rachel  is yet to respond."
"Maybe tha t's intentional. Maybe she thin ks you'll become a better field  agent without her."
"And how e xactly is that? On second thoug hts leave it, I don't want to t alk about it. You're not going  to tell the others, are you?"
" Well if you don't want me to, I  can keep it secret. To be hone st, I'm not really bothered. Th ese people are not my friends." 
"You have some secrets of your  own, don't you?"
"We all do."
                                                                                                                                                                  text_english/personal/main/my_ blog_from_2018/busy_beavers.md                                          000644  000765  000024   00000006706 15177753505 025143   0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  000 000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11-29

#  Busy beavers !!!

Basic underst anding of Turing machines requi red to follow along. Check out  this post if you're new to it.
 
What is a busy beaver?

[Wiki  link](https://en.m.wikipedia.or g/wiki/Busy_beaver)

Basically  you're trying to find the Turin g machine with n states that wr ites that largest possible numb er of ones on the tape before h alting.

Halting is important b ecause, of course an infinite l oop is easy to write.

This max imum number of ones is denoted  sigma(n). And sigma(n) grows ri diculously quickly.

sigma(2) =  4
sigma(3) = 6
sigma(4) = 13
s igma(5) ≥ 4098
sigma(6) ≥ 3 .5 * 10^18267
sigma(7) >> 10^10 ^10^10^18705352

Yep. In fact i t's proven that busy beavers gr ow faster than any computable s equence of numbers. Meaning if  you take any sequence of number s f(n) then there exists an N s uch that sigma(n) > f(n) for al l n>N

And your sequence could  be anything that can be compute d using infinite memory and fin ite time. So exponentation, fac torial, double exponentation, u p arrow notation, g sequence (i f you've read my post on graham 's number), sigma(n) grows fast er than all of them.

The intui tive idea is basically that if  a sequence is computable (say,  the g sequence), there exists a  Turing machine that can comput e that sequence. And that natur ally implies there exist larger  Turing machines that can produ ce larger outputs. The exact pr oof is not as simple though, un like what I initially thought

 sigma(5) = 4098 is yet to be pr oven as true because of the exi stence of 42 rogue Turing machi nes that have yet to be proven  as non-halting. They are the ma chines marked HNR in [this post ](http://skelet.ludost.net/bb/n reg.html).

sigma(n) is an exam ple of a non-computable functio n, meaning there exists no algo rithm that can determine sigma( n). You might argue that we cou ld write an algorithm that runs  all possible n state TMs simul taneously ... But some of those  might never halt and we cannot  write an algorithm that determ ines if a TM halts or not, as p er the halting problem.

Here's  an [article](https://hal.archi ves-ouvertes.fr/hal-00396880v5/ document) that compiles existin g research on busy beavers.

si gma(n) also is a function that  will eventually produce unprova ble values. It has been proved  that value of sigma(n) for all  n≥1919 is unprovable.

This i s different from just saying si gma(1919) is unknown, it's more  along the lines of we will nev er be able to know with certain ty what sigma(1919) is.

But ho w does one prove that something  is unprovable? You start off w ith formalising the notion of w hat does and does not constitut e a proof. There are existing a xiomatic systems (zermelo fraen kel, peano arithmetic, etc) tha t attempt to provide a base set  of axioms from which all of ma thematics follows.

Recently a  1919-state machine has been cre ated that verifies the consiste ncy of zf from within zf, which  is an impossible task if zf is  indeed consistent. Hence sigma (1919) is unprovable using zf i f zf is consistent (and most ma thematicians believe it is).

T he lower limit on the unprovabl e values of sigma(n) is unknown . It is even possible that 42 r ogue 5-state machines (which ar e the reason sigma(5) has not y et been proved to be equal to 4 098) are indeed unprovable as n on-halting.

See the second hal f of [this post](https://johnca rlosbaez.wordpress.com/2016/05/ 21/the-busy-beaver-game/).

Kol gromov complexity is a related  topic that you might also like.  Check out [this blog post](htt ps://johncarlosbaez.wordpress.c om/2011/10/28/the-complexity-ba rrier/).
                                                            text_english/personal/main /my_blog_from_2018/contact_me.m d                                           000644  000765  000 024  00000000475 15177753505 02 4563  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000   000000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11-21 

# Contact me

Samuel Shadrach 

samuel.da.shadrach@gmail.com  (personal email)
[REDACTED] (wh atsapp preferred)

I have an in sta (samuel.da.shadrach) and a  somewhat inactive FB account.

 P.S. Yes I'm the same guy who d id [this](http://iitdsocial.blo gspot.com/2018/09/the-reveal-an d-recipe-for-disaster.html).                                                                                                                                                                                                          text_english/personal/mai n/my_blog_from_2018/subterfuge_ strategia_tournament.md                      000644  000765  00 0024  00000014314 15177753505 0 31136  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000   000000                                                                                                                                                                              2026-04-0 2

Repost note
 - All links are  now broken, I awarded some peo ple and ended the tournament in  2019 itself

2019-01-15

# Sub terfuge Strategia tournament

U pdate: Direct entry to round 2  (starts 11th Feb 2018) is being  allowed due to round 1 clashin g with minors in IITD

In this  post:
 - Disclaimer
 - Intro (w ith link to registration)
 - Re views of the game
 - Event deta ils
 - Summary of the rules in  simple terms
 - Eligibility
 -  Tentative schedule and tourname nt structure
 - Contact us

Dis claimer: We are not associated  with negotiation table or its o rganisers. The format of our ev ent is completely different, be ing app-based and online. Also  it is not a financial simulatio n or a NeT-like simulation, it  would be best described as a wa r game.

**Intro**

Enjoyed IIT D Negotiation Table?

Then this  event for you

Engage in week- long battles of wits, diplomacy  and strategy as you battle it  out with your peers from other  colleges across Delhi/NCR to cl aim the victory. Subterfuge is  a mobile app game (available on  play store and app store) that  encourages critical and tactic al thinking, forming alliances,  and ofcourse ... backstabbing! 

Attractive prizes up for grab s

So what are you waiting for?  Participate now

**Reviews of  the game**
 - [Subterfuge is th e most cunning game on iOS righ t now - Polygon](https://www.po lygon.com/2015/10/22/9593670/su bterfuge-is-the-most-cunning-ga me-on-ios-right-now-heres-how-i t)
 - [Subterfuge review - An u nsinkable strategy game - Touch Arcade](https://toucharcade.com /2015/10/15/subterfuge-review/) 
 - [Subterfuge is the slowest,  most ruthless mobile game ever  - The Daily Dot](https://www.d ailydot.com/debug/subterfuge-ro n-carmel-interview/)
 - [Subter fuge was my favorite game of 20 15 but I never want to play it  again - Andreas Papathanias](ht tps://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/A ndreasPapathanasis/20160323/268 711/Subterfuge_was_my_favorite_ game_of_2015_but_I_never_want_t o_play_it_again.php)
 - [Subter fuge is a strategy game for par ents and busy people - Kill Scr een](https://killscreen.com/art icles/subterfuge-strategy-game- parents-and-busy-people/)

**Ev ent details**
 - Date: Starting  Feb 1st, continues throughout  the month
 - Venue: No venue, p lay from the convenience of you r home
 - Expected time duratio n: 1 week minimum, upto 1 month  if you qualify for the finals.  Each day you'll probably spend  like 30-60 minutes spread out  throughout the day (the exact a mount of time you choose to spe nd is entirely up to you).
 - E ntry fees: None

**Summary of t he rules in simple terms**
 - Y ou own bases and troops (which  are called drillers). Drillers  travel in subs.
 - Bases can be  factories or generators. Facto ries produce drillers. The numb er of generators you own sets a n upper limit on how many drill ers you can own.
 - You can inv ade dormant and enemy bases usi ng your drillers. Drillers elim inate each other by simple arit hmetic.
 - Bases have shields w hich absorb drillers, so you wi ll usually need more drillers f or an invasion than that are pr esent on the base. Zoom into a  base to view the tiny grey nume ral that is the shield (which i s different from the number of  drillers on that base).
 - The  game plays in real time. Meanin g a sub that takes 14 hours to  travel in the game literally ta kes 14 hours. To avoid having t o wake up in the middle of the  night to make your moves, there 's an elegant time machine syst em. You can schedule moves for  the future.
 - Sacrificing 50 d rillers converts a base into a  mine. Mines generate neptunium.  The first to get 200 kgs of ne ptunium wins. Note that your se cond mine will cost 100 driller s, your third 200 and so on.
 -  You have a queen. Queen gives  additional 20 shield to the bas e it is on. If you lose your qu een you're out of the game. Que en can periodically hire specia lists which are unique troops w ith powers that break the conve ntional rules of the game. Use  them to your advantage.
 - For  the rest of the rules, check th e official rulebook: http://pla y.subterfuge-game.com/docs/Rule book
 - P.S. The puzzles have a n additional artificial constra int of requiring you to solve t he puzzle in 48 hours.

**Eligi bility**
 - Access to WhatsApp  and videochat is required.
 - R egistration can be solo or team . Team may have any number of m embers but more than 3 is not r ecommended
 - There must be onl y one Subterfuge username attac hed with one team registration.  App recommendations state that  only one device may use the ac count at one time, though multi ple devices may log in at diffe rent times.
 - Hence if you wan t to actively play, you're enco uraged to register solo, even i f there are others from the sam e college participating.
 - Upt o two teams from the same colle ge will be permitted in a singl e game room, to keep the game r ooms balanced. Game room prefer ences will be collected.

**Ten tative schedule and tournament  structure (depends on number of  registrants)**
 - Feb 28th - R egistration closes
 - Feb 28th- 31st - Room preferences collect ed if required, room allotments  made
 - Feb 1st - Tournament k icks off. Players begin play in  rooms of 9 players each
 - Feb  1st-10th - First round of play 
 - Winners of first round dire ctly go to finals. Remaining pl ayers who are interested get a  second chance in round 2
 - Feb  11th-20th - Second round of pl ay. Direct registration to roun d 2 allowed
 - Winners of round  2 go to finals
 - Feb 21st - F inals commence
 - Note: Matches  are unlikely to last 10 days,  nor are all players likely to l ast till the end of each match. 

**Contact us**

For any enqui ries, contact [REDACTED]


---- 

# How to register

Update: Di rect entry to round 2 (starts 1 1th Feb 2018) is being allowed  due to round 1 clashing with mi nors in IITD.

How to participa te

1. Download Subterfuge (And roid, Apple)
2. Create a new ac count. Remember your username
3 . Fill up this form with all yo ur details (link to Google form )
4. Join the WhatsApp group
5.  Learn the basics of the game.  You can go through the summary  of the rules I've provided in s ection 4 of this post.
6. Earn  your L1 security clearance by s olving the puzzles, which is ma ndatory for online play. Here a re the solutions to the puzzles .
7. Upload a screenshot on the  WhatsApp group with your usern ame and proof of L1 clearance.
 
Useful resource links: Serious ly, just Google. You'll find st rategy tips on the subreddit an d fandom wiki.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              text_english/perso nal/main/my_blog_from_2018/an_i ntro_to_theoretical_computer_sc ience.md            000644  000 765  000024  00000015747 151777 53505 032764  0                                                                                                       ustar 00s amuel                           staff                            000000  000000                                                                                                                                                                              20 18-11-21

# An intro to theoret ical science

Book recommendati on: [Michael Sipser's Introduct ion to the theory of computatio n](http://fuuu.be/polytech/INFO F408/Introduction-To-The-Theory -Of-Computation-Michael-Sipser. pdf)

The key concept at the he art of theoretical computer sci ence is Turing machines. So let 's jump right to it.

A Turing  machine is an extremely simple  yet powerful model of computati on. I will first describe what  it is, and then describe why it  is so important.

**What are T uring machines?**

You could lo ok at [this video](https://yout u.be/dNRDvLACg5Q) that explains  it. Or Google any number of re sources that explain it. Or els e read through my (pretty avera ge) explanation given below.

I f you want a book reference, ch eck out Michael's Sipser's Intr oduction to the theory of compu tation (pdf available online).I ts a highly recommended book an d the one I used to learn more  about all this.

**And here we  go ...**

Imagine you have an i nfinite tape. A one dimensional  array that runs infinitely in  both directions, left and right . The tape is divided into cell s and each cell can store a zer o or a one. For a Turing machin e that receives no input, the e ntire tape initially starts ful l of only zeroes. This tape is  basically the memory of the mac hine.

Now we have a tape head.  The tape head looks at only on e cell at a time. It can both r ead and write on the tape. It c an also move from one cell to t he next, but only one step at a  time. So if the tape head is p ointing a cell, it can perform  read/write operations on the ce ll, and it can move to the imme diate left cell or the immediat e right cell.

So far so good?
 
We decide on a finite number o f states, let's say 5. Let's na me them A B C D E. We now need  a starting state, let A be the  starting state. We also need on e or more halting states, so le t D be the halting state. What  are states, you ask? I don't kn ow, they're just ... states. An d the machine is said to be in  any one state at one point in t ime. And the states are not dir ectly related to the tape or th e tape head in any way.

We nee d to now provide a set of instr uctions for the machine to use  when it comes across different  situations. Since we have 5 sta tes and a 2-letter alphabet (ze roes and ones), we need to prov ide a total of 5 * 2=10 instruc tions which are named A0 A1 B0  B1 C0 C1 ... And so on. For ins tance A0 tells the machine, if  your current state is A and if  your tape head reads 0, then fo llow the instructions given for  A0. 

Now how do we give instr uctions. An instruction compris es of 3 parts - a write command , a move command and a state ch ange command. The write command  tells the tape head to either  overwrite the 1 or 0 it just re ad (with 0 or 1 respectively),  or else leave the 0 or 1 as it  is.  The move command asks the  machine to move the tape head e ither one step left or one step  right. The state change comman d tells the machine to change f rom one state to another.

For  instance, the instruction set a ttached to B1 could be 0LE. Whi ch means, if the machine is cur rently in state B and the tape  head reads 1, overwrite the 1 w ith 0, move the tape head one c ell left (L), and then change t he state of the machine to E.

 If the machine is now in E stat e, we need to see what the tape  head now reads (remember the t ape head has moved hence it mig ht read something different thi s time). Suppose it reads 1 aga in. We will now follow the inst ructions corresponding the E1.
 
Here's an example of a complet e description of a 5 state (5 +  1 halting) 2 letter Turing mac hine.

```
A0  A1  B0  B1  C0   C1  D0  D1  E0  E1
1RB 1LC 1RC  1RB 1RD 0LE 1LA 1LD 1RH 0LA
``` 

A is assumed to be the starti ng state. The halting state is  H (not mentioned) and E0 is the  situation that leads to a halt ing state.

These 10 instructio ns form the 'program' that has  been programmed into the machin e.

**A couple more points**

S o far we've only dealt with TMs  that start with a blank tape ( all zeroes), follow their instr uctions and then reach a haltin g state.

A TM in general is no t guaranteed to halt, in fact i t's very easy to write a TM tha t runs into an infinite loop.

 Also we've had no mention of th e concept of giving input to th e TM the way we give input to a  modern-day program.

The initi al state of the tape is the inp ut. So suppose we have a TM tha t finds the sum of two numbers  (and yes, such a TM does exist) , what we'll do is first write  down both the numbers in binary  representation on the tape, th en place the head at the start  of the input, and start the TM.  Once done, the TM will halt an d what's left on the tape is th e sum of the two numbers in bin ary notation.

**The Church Tur ing thesis**

Now ... What's so  great about Turing machines?

 Anything that can be done by a  modern day computer can be done  by a Turing machine.

And it's  as simple (and profound) as th at.

Meaning if you can write a  program in C or python or what ever that achieves some task, l et's say... finding the factori al of a number, then there we w ill also be able to create a co rresponding Turing machine with  a finite number of states that  can also compute the factorial  of any number given in the inp ut in a finite amount of time.
 
The procedure to convert a pro gram written in a modern day la nguage to a TM is quite complic ated, but you can get an idea o f how it is done [here](https:/ /web.stanford.edu/class/archive /cs/cs103/cs103.1132/lectures/1 9/Small19.pdf).

**What we do n ow?**

Now that we have a model  of computation that is simple  enough it can be described on p aper, we can prove all sorts of  theorems and results on:

1. W hat can computers can and canno t do.

For instance, the haltin g problem states that we can ne ver create a TM that will be ab le to always identify if anothe r TM is halting or is in an inf inite loop.

It is often useful  while programming to be able t o determine whether your comput er is in an infinite loop or if  it is just taking a long time  to reach its answer. The proof  for the halting problem says th at in general, always being abl e to determine this is impossib le, no matter how much time you  have.

2. How quickly can a ta sk be completed by a computer?
 
If you've done some competitiv e program you'd be familiar wit h the big-O notation that gives  a rough idea how 'fast' an alg orithm is. For example, if the  time taken by a program to do a  task will increase nine times  if we triple the size of the in put, then we can say the progra m operates in quadratic time O( n^2).

One of the greatest unso lved problems in all of mathema tics is the P versus NP problem  that asks whether any task tha t can be achieved in non-polyno mial time can also be achieved  in polynomial time.

It might i nitially feel obvious, that if  an algorithm runs in O(2^n) the re simply cannot exist another  algorithm that does the same th ing in O(n^2) or O(n^3) time, b ut unfortunately there is yet t o be a proper mathematical proo f of the same.

3. And many oth er uses which I'm not all that  aware of.

-------------------- -

The section on busy beavers  grew too large so I shifted it  [here](https://stuff-i-might-wa nt-you-to-know.blogspot.com/201 8/11/busy-beavers.html). Do che ck it out.
                          text_english/personal/main /my_blog_from_2018/entrepreneur ship_plans.md                               000644  000765  000 024  00000005757 15177753505 02 7256  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000   000000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11-24 

# Entrepreneurship plans

I a m quite keen on entrepreneurshi p as a career choice. Whether t hat will be during college or a fter, I don't know.

Here are a  couple of my current startup i deas.

If you're a web dev, do  read them and share your feedba ck or perhaps team up with me : )

1. Bot for Fallen London

Up date: Scratch that. I've made t he bot myself using selenium (r emote webdriver provided by bro wserstack) and am running it on  google cloud platform. Waiting  for profit :)

Original conten t:
fallenlondon.com

<s> https: //drive.google.com/file/d/1jAvq P7eiyFVXZn5u_B7_VyLaWWFs5sFT/vi ew?usp=drivesdk </s>

Since it' s a purely html-based text-only  game, it shouldn't be too hard  to write a bot for it. There i s no captcha on the site. The c ursor is not tracked either (as  far as I can make out) so I do ubt there are any anti-bot meas ures whatsoever.

Cider is auct ioned on the site by the devs a nnually and the prices range be tween $1500 and $2000. Cider ca n be earned by grinding for 2-3  years, which could be done by  the bot.

I feel the game is in  a niche where it is not mainst ream enough for the devs to wor ry about bots but at the same t ime holds good value for its co mmunity.

So the plan is to gri nd for cider on 3-4 accounts, t hen find people on the forums ( especially previous year bidder s) who'll be willing to buy. Th en make the sales via middleman  escrow sites online. Hoping fo r atleast $3000 profit this way .

I'm willing to all the resea rching on the game for optimal  grinding as well as hunting for  buyers on the forums. <s> I ju st need someone with web automa tion skills to write the bot. W e can split the profit 50-50. < /s>

I have contacted people on  the forums and can possibly pr ovide more proof of concept if  required.

2. Exam result predi ction tool

https://docs.google .com/document/d/1SeI29Zf6GvTQHJ Hjc3JUKXk66CN8ZwNugGPIxyxGiW0/e dit?usp=drivesdk

I'm currently  looking for a web dev interest ed in partnering with me and ac tually making this tool. I don' t have money to pay you, I can  only promise a percentage share  (say 50%) in the company. If y ou're interested, do write to m e.

3. Highly customisable soci al networking tool

A problem I 've noticed with most social ne tworking sites I visit (reddit,  discord, stackexchange, facebo ok, etc) is lack of customisati on. The users want to use more  features than what the devs hav e coded. So they find workaroun ds, create off-site resources,  or just live without the featur es they want. I'm looking to cr eate a networking platform with  potentially limitless customis ation that can be done by users  who can't code (and ofcourse t hose who can too). Emphasis is  on various levels of authority,  a completely hierarchial model  of organising people into grou ps and subgroups, etc.

I'm int entionally omitting the details  here. This is something that w ill require a lot of investment  and strategic marketing since  it will only thrive with a larg e number of users already on it .

Hence it is not something I  plan to attempt any time soon.  But I have hopes for it in the  future.                 text_en glish/personal/main/my_blog_fro m_2018/interesting_stuff_I_foun d_online.md                     000644  000765  000024  0000001 3346 15177753505 031221  0                                                                                                        ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  000000                                                                                                                                                                               2018-11-24

# Interest ing stuff I found online

Updat e: More stuff I found more rece ntly (skip ahead for the origin al post)

 - http://what-if.xkc d.com (serious scientific answe rs to absurd hypothetical quest ions, recommended)
 - https://x kcd.com (academically oriented  webcomic, highly recommended)
  - https://johncarlosbaez.wordpr ess.com/2018/09/20/patterns-tha t-eventually-fail/ (math-relate d)
 - https://outline.com/DGK9T d (article on the future of ind ex funds)
 - reddit.com/r/inter netisbeautiful
 - https://www.r eddit.com/r/todayilearned/comme nts/a1nvy3/til_that_the_majorit y_of_creepy_sounds_that_you/?ut m_source=reddit-android (horror  movie sounds)
 - https://www.n ewyorker.com/magazine/2018/07/0 9/ice-poseidons-lucrative-stres sful-life-as-a-live-streamer (i nteresting article on IRL strea ming)

------------------------ -----
ORIGINAL POST

Link spam  incoming !!!

Reddit

Reddit is  made up of various subreddits. 

"The reason there are separat e subreddits is to allow niche  communities to form, instead of  having one monolithic overall  community. These communities di stinguish themselves with a uni que focus, look and policies: w hat's on- and off-topic there,  whether people are expected to  behave civilly or can feel free  to be brutal, etc."

If you're  new to reddit, check out the [ FAQ](https://www.reddit.com/wik i/faq).

To look for subreddits  better suited to you (and this  is most important), check out  the [r/findareddit](https://www .reddit.com/r/findareddit/wiki/ directory) directory. This dire ctory is by no means complete,  you might always find new subs  from all sorts of places.

I ha ve like a hundred saved links m aybe on reddit. And hundreds mo re I've not saved. The followin g is just a sampling of some (n ot all) of the best stuff I fou nd there.

 - https://www.reddi t.com/r/HighQualityGifs/comment s/6h6suw/tom_cruise_is_trapped/ 
 - https://www.reddit.com/r/As kReddit/comments/a0a4cd/whats_t he_most_amazing_thing_about_the _universe/eag7b0w
 - https://ww w.reddit.com/r/gifs/comments/95 ptmp/a_florida_woman_ran_from_t he_police_but_a_herd_of/
 - htt ps://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comm ents/9glz6g/participant_in_the_ world_nomad_games_in/
 - https: //www.reddit.com/r/HighQualityG ifs/comments/7kvqne/the_convers ation_my_son_and_i_will_have_on /
 - https://www.reddit.com/r/g ifsthatkeepongiving/comments/96 gmhj/how_i_imagine_kindergarten _teachers/
 - https://www.reddi t.com/r/oddlysatisfying/comment s/972qn2/art_being_created_with _a_bottle_and_some_sand/
 - htt ps://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit /comments/9a4ku4/whats_your_1_o bscure_animal_fact/
 - https:// www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/ comments/9gm7ol/til_that_fake_o il_paintings_can_be_detected/
  - https://www.reddit.com/r/High QualityGifs/comments/77d9ou/the _predictable_threads_are_drivin g_me_insane/
 - https://www.red dit.com/r/pics/comments/9fmyn7/ as_promised_me_standing_in_fron t_of_a_puzzle/
 - https://www.r eddit.com/r/RedditsMuseumofFilt h/comments/82bfs2/hi_welcome_th e_reddits_museum_of_filth_new_t hread/

Also check out r/intern etisbeautiful

Stackexchange

U sed to be quite active on it on ce upon a time, not so much any more.

Here's the [StackExchang e tour](https://stackexchange.c om/tour) if you're new. SE is m ostly academic-related stuff an d some fun stuff. They're very  particular about their rules of  scope, don't despair if your f irst few posts are poorly recei ved.

Here's my account ([ghost s_in_the_code](https://stackexc hange.com/users/4377344/ghosts- in-the-code?tab=top)), do check  out some of my top posts there . I mostly frequented Puzzling,  Code Golf, Math and Worldbuild ing.

I'm afraid I don't exactl y have a set of links to show r ight now, though I learnt a ton  of new stuff there.

Update: G oogle the following, you'll get  them easily (else message me I  provide the links)

On puzzlin g SE:
 - Blue eyes puzzle
 - Ci rcular prison of unknown size
  - Composite poison (variation o n standard poison and prisoners  problem)
 - 100 prisoners' nam es in boxes (optimal solution g ives 30% survival)

On code gol f SE:
 - Make a clock in game o f life
 - Make Tetris in game o f life (they go on to make a wh ole computer)
 - in general jus t read up on esoteric languages  like brainfuck, befunge and th e more modern ones. Pretty cool 

Here's the [full list of site s](https://stackexchange.com/si tes), if you wanna go site hunt ing. Or else just check out the  [front page](https://stackexch ange.com/).

More stuff

I'll b e honest I'm actually kinda dis appointed I never bothered to a ctually archive stuff I found i nteresting. Here's just some st uff I found while browsing thro ugh my bookmarks over the years .

 - http://m.huffpost.com/us/ entry/4763143
 - https://math.d artmouth.edu/~pw/solutions.pdf
  - https://ncase.me/trust/
 - h ttp://www.2arms1head.com/
 - ht tp://teacher.scholastic.com/fra nk/tscripts/hanneli.htm
 - http ://www.zebrafactcheck.com/the-n ewsroom-speech-is-america-not-t he-greatest-country-in-the-worl d/
 - https://www.cnet.com/news /reddit-memes-hell-in-a-cell/
  - https://brilliant.org/discuss ions/thread/archive-of-best-ind ian-statistical-institute/?ref_ id=1357419
 - https://thoughtca talog.com/jacob-geers/2016/03/1 2-fcked-up-internet-legends-tha t-will-make-you-close-your-web- browser-forever/
 - https://www .americamagazine.org/arts-cultu re/2017/09/26/corrosion-high-sc hool-debate-and-how-it-mirrors- american-politics
 - https://th oughtcatalog.com/brett-blocker/ 2015/08/10-infamous-sites-and-s ervices-of-the-deep-web/
 - htt ps://www.theguardian.com/scienc e/2015/jan/21/-sp-why-cant-worl ds-greatest-minds-solve-mystery -consciousness
 - https://www.d esmos.com/calculator/ktctjznvf2 
 - https://copy.sh/life/
 - ht tp://www.astrolog.org/labyrnth/ algrithm.htm
 - http://www.radi otimes.com/news/2013-09-27/15-o f-the-best-google-doodles-for-1 5-years-of-google
 - https://up load.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/6/63/Quake_-_family_tree. svg

Okay it wasn't a complete  bust.

BYE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   text_english/per sonal/main/my_blog_from_2018/pu rpose_of_this_blog.md                                 000644  0 00765  000024  00000001146 1517 7753505 026656  0                                                                                                       ustar 0 0samuel                           staff                            000000  000000                                                                                                                                                                               2018-11-26

# Purpose of this b log

**Note:** Most of the cont ent in this blog is from Nov 20 18. No major updates since then  (laziness). Check out my insta  instead. 

Hi

It's me, Samuel  Shadrach.

I've made this blog  mainly to help people to get t o know me more quickly, without  requiring x hours of conversat ion where I repeat stuff I've t old to dozens of people before. 

The other aim is simply to sh are stuff I find interesting.

 ...

Do hit me up, I'm bored li ke eπ^π % of the time.

Sorry  for the PJ but that's how bore d I am.

Ooh an accidental doub le reference? Now that's a kind  of joke I can live with.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        text_english/personal/main/my_ blog_from_2018/movies_and_seria ls_Ive_watched.md                       000644  000765  000024   00000002022 15177753505 030605   0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  000 000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11-26

#  Movies and serials I've watched 

I'll start with serials since  I haven't watched many of thos e.

1. I'm not into serials wit h a comedy element.
2. My favou rite serial is elementary. (Not  Sherlock, Sherlock sucks)
3. A nd that's all I have to say abo ut it.

As for movies .... I've  watched a fair number. Mostly  just what came on the telly, al though I do download as well.

 Here are my favourites:
 - Now  you see me
 - Inception
 - Nati onal treasure (and sequel)

Som e more I also liked:
 - Nolan's  dark knight trilogy
 - Titanic 
 - Source code

I'm sure there  are more that are worthy of be ing on this list, I just can't  remember them. I'll add them wh en I do.

Movies that were okay :

This list is too big to be e numerated. Given below are just  a few examples.

 - Escape pla n
 - Con air
 - Daniel Craig bo nd movies
 - Interstellar
 - Ar rival
 - Kingsman
 - Home alone  series
 - Shutter island

Movi es that sucked:

 - Most of the  avengers movies
 - Now you see  me 2

I'm open to movie recomm endations. Serials ... Not so m uch.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               text_english/personal/main/m y_blog_from_2018/my_interests.m d                                         000644  000765  00002 4  00000004777 15177753505 0252 05  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  0 00000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11-21

 # My interests

I've listed eve n stuff I have only a little bi t of interest in, or lost inter est in. Also the order is rando m.

Academic
 - Theoretical CS  (Turing machines and automata e tc). Check out my post on the s ame.
 - Algorithms, data struct ures, competitive coding
 - Art ificial intelligence, any studi es of learning and intelligence 
 - Economics related stuff
 -  Formal logic - check [this](htt p://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/mmse t.html) out
 - Any interesting  maths/logic problems ... check  out Problem Solving Strategies  by Arthur Engel if you're inter ested. A friend recommended it  to me and it's brilliant. Also  check out [Martin Gardner's boo ks](http://martin-gardner.org/P uzzleBooks.html) or maybe just  find some of his stuff online.  Last and most important, check  out puzzling stackexchange. Som e of the posts are amazing. [Bi nary poison](https://puzzling.s tackexchange.com/q/12770/4269),  [circular prison](https://puzz ling.stackexchange.com/q/16168/ 4269), [names in boxes](https:/ /puzzling.stackexchange.com/q/1 6/4269)
 - Psychology stuff. Ch eck out the MBTI personality in strument and let me know what t ype you are. I'm an INTJ. Accor ding to the big five, I'm just  a ''rational". Plus the site di dn't give me access to my full  results without paying so ... : (

Non-academic
 - Game design  - Want to learn but don't want  to learn by myself online
 - Ch ess - I suck at it but have som e interest. Used to play a looo oot in school. And now I play s ome online. If you know to play , maybe you could teach me.
 -  Mixing/composing of music - Mig ht learn this later in life if  I feel like it
 - Playing drums  - Learnt for many years. Got a  grade 6 degree. Not interested  anymore
 - Watching movies and  serials
 - Reading books
 - Wr iting - check out these posts -  [Inception fanfic](https://stu ff-i-might-want-you-to-know.blo gspot.com/2018/11/my-attempts-a t-writing-inception.html), [ran dom scifi stuff](https://stuff- i-might-want-you-to-know.blogsp ot.com/2018/11/another-attempt- at-writing-my-jottings.html)
 -  Browsing - stackexchange, redd it, and a ton of other sites. R eddit is a pretty amazing site,  you should check it out. Here' s my post on stuff I browse
 -  Philosophy and opinions on stuf f
 - Drawing mazes and games on  paper - I spent a good part of  my childhood in school doing e xactly this. Although I've lost  most of my rough copies I reme mber a fair bit. I made all sor ts of stuff (arrow maze, torch  maze, cannon maze, platformer g ames), it might be easier to ex plain all this in person.
 - Sw imming - learnt a bit, lost int erest text_english/personal/mai n/my_blog_from_2018/pc_games_Iv e_tried.md                                   000644  000765  00 0024  00000002120 15177753505 0 26204  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000   000000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11-2 6

# PC games I've tried

Got i nto PC games a few months ago.  As evident I mostly ventured in to puzzle games, and then some  action.

I torrent so I can't p lay stuff like overwatch or roc ket league that requires you to  pay for multiplayer. Also my l aptop is not a gaming one, so k eep that in mind when recommend ing new stuff. Yes, I'm looking  for new stuff.

Favourites:
 -  The witness - Absolutely brill iant game. I agree it can get b oring at times but I feel it's  worth it to complete it anyways .
 - Fortnite - It's a good gam e and I'm bored so I play it. I 'm not claiming it's the best F PS game out there, it's just th at it's purely free-to-play and  it's multiplayer so...
 - Port al 2 - Concept is great, though  I'll admit I got bored before  I finished it. Still a must try  for puzzle enthusiasts.

Also  tried:
 - Stanley parable (reco mmended; it's kind of a troll g ame actually)
 - Infinifactory
  - Paladins (somewhat recommend ed if you're into such games)
  - Inside
 - Antichamber
 - Assa ssin's creed: origins
 - Civili sation VI
 - The Talos principl e
 - Hitman blood money
 - Darw in project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              text_english/personal/m ain/my_blog_from_2018/past_and_ family.md                                      000644  000765   000024  00000001361 15177753505  025574  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            0000 00  000000                                                                                                                                                                              2018-11 -21

Repost note
 - Some detail s redacted for safety or privac y reasons

# Past and family

I 'm of Tamil origin with my dad  being raised up in Salem and my  mother's parents in nagercoil  I think. My mother was raised u p in Delhi and so was I.

I was  born in Leicester, UK (my pare nts had gone for work there). T hen shifted to Germany when I w as 1-2 years. Then to Delhi whe n I was 3-4.

Studied in G D Go enka School from nursery to cla ss 2. I was very naughty then,  so much so that I changed schoo ls.

Entered Bloom Public Schoo l in class 3 and stayed till I  passed out this year (12th stan dard).

Currently I'm a fresher  at IIT Delhi, doing a dual deg ree in biotech and biochemical  engineering.

Address-wise [RED ACTED]

Family details [REDACTE D]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       text_e nglish/personal/main/health/den tist_visit_20260810.md                                           000644  000765  000024  000000 01173 15236152624 024424  0                                                                                                        ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  000000                                                                                                                                                                               2026-08-10

# Dentist  visit 2026-08-10

I visited a  dentist after many years. Made  a first visit to a new dentist. 

Main
 - Recommended wisdom ex traction, but not mandatory. Ot herwise later on wisdom teeth m ight push the other teeth and y ou may have to wear aligners ag ain.
 - Did a deep cleaning
 -  Says fixed retainer will natura lly fall off in some months / y ears. Nothing to be explicitly  done about it. Upper wire is br oken and there is a small gap i n the teeth (that can't be fixe d now), lower wire is intact. H e said previous dentist has don e a good job with braces
 - Rec ommended a toothpaste and mouth wash for sensitive teeth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  text_english/persona l/main/health/std_test_20240517 .md                                               000644  00076 5  000024  00000001606 15177753 505 023401  0                                                                                                       ustar 00sam uel                          st aff                           0 00000  000000                                                                                                                                                                              2025 -06-03

# STD test report (test ed 2024-05-17)

Samuel, male, D OB 2001-01-03

Summary
 - Prior  HSV1 infection. May or may not  be active.

```
Test Name Resu lt Value Unit Reference Range
H SV-Type I antibody IgG >62.2 In dex
```

---

```
Test Name Res ult Value Unit Reference Range
 HSV-Type I antibody IgG >62.2 I ndex

TEST RESULTS UNIT BIOLOGI CAL REF RANGE REMARKS
HIV I & I I ( p24 antigen and antibody co mbo)
HIV I & II CMIA 0.160 S/CO 

TEST RESULTS UNITBIOLOGICAL R EF RANGE REMARKS
HSV-Type I ant ibody IgG CLIA H >62.2 Index
HS V-Type I antibody IgM ELISA 0.5 2 Index 

TEST RESULTS UNITBIOL OGICAL REF RANGE REMARKS
HSV-Ty pe CLIA II antibody IgG <0.500  Index
HSV-Type ELISA II antibod y IgM 0.54 Index

TEST RESULTS  UNIT BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE REMAR KS
Chlamydia Trachomatis IgG EL ISA 2.58 NTU

TEST RESULTS UNIT  BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE REMARKS
T PHA Haemagglutination Negative  Negative
Titre N.A. <1:80
```
                                                                                                                              tex t_english/personal/main/health/ blood_test_20251008.md                                              000644  000765  000024  000 00014021 15177753505 023676  0                                                                                                        ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000  000000                                                                                                                                                                               2025-10-08

# Bloo d test report (tested 2025-10-0 8)

 - Samuel, male, DOB 2001-0 1-03
 - Dr Lal PathLabs
 - 18 d ays of hunger strike ended on 2 025-10-01. Consumed only water  and NaCl, KCl, Mg during the 18  days. Consumed full healthy di et during this week from 2025-1 0-01 to 2025-10-08. Then took t his blood test on 2025-10-08.

 ## Analysis

 - gpt-5 high says  this is normal. I am low on pr otein. Abnormal CBC, RDW is exp lainable based on fasting. Mild  iron/folate/B12 deficiency is  also possible.
 - gpt-5 high re commends I eat healthy diet wit h sufficient protein, and do a  retest after 2-4 weeks, along w ith full liver panel.
 - gpt-5  high says Vitamin D deficiency  is unrelated to the fast and ca n be fixed with sunlight and su pplements.

## Out of reference  interval

```
LIVER & KIDNEY F UNCTION TEST
Creatinine (Compen sated Jaffes reaction, IDMS tra ceable) 0.66 mg/dL 0.70 - 1.30
 Urea (Urease UV) <11.00 mg/dL 1 3.00 - 43.00
Urea Nitrogen Bloo d 4.67 mg/dL 6.00 - 20.00
Uric  Acid (Uricase) 3.00 mg/dL 3.50  - 7.20
AST:ALT Ratio (Calculate d) 1.29 <1.00

VITAMIN D, 25 -  HYDROXY, SERUM (CLIA) 
Vitamin  D, 25 Hydroxy 67.91 nmol/L 75.0 0 - 250.00

HEMOGRAM (Flow Cyto metery, SLS,Capillary Photometr y )
Red Cell Distribution Width  (RDW) 15.20 % 11.60 - 14.00
Se gmented Neutrophils 37.00 % 40. 00 - 80.00
Lymphocytes 46.00 %  20.00 - 40.00
Eosinophils 7.60  % 1.00 - 6.00
Neutrophils 1.84  thou/mm3 2.00 - 7.00
```

## Fu ll report

```
Test Name Result s Units Bio. Ref. Interval

LIV ER & KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST
Creat inine (Compensated Jaffes react ion, IDMS traceable) 0.66 mg/dL  0.70 - 1.30
GFR Estimated 134  mL/min/1.73m2 >59
GFR Category  G1
Urea (Urease UV) <11.00 mg/d L 13.00 - 43.00
Urea Nitrogen B lood 4.67 mg/dL 6.00 - 20.00
Ur ic Acid (Uricase) 3.00 mg/dL 3. 50 - 7.20
AST:ALT Ratio (Calcul ated) 1.29 <1.00
Alkaline Phosp hatase (ALP) (IFCC, AMP BUFFER)  74.00 U/L 30.00 - 120.00
Calci um, Total (Arsenazo III) 9.40 m g/dL 8.70 - 10.40
Phosphorus (M olybdate UV) 4.90 mg/dL 2.40 -  5.10

Test Name Results Units B io. Ref. Interval

LIVER & KIDN EY FUNCTION TEST
(Spectrophotom etry, Indirect ISE)
BUN/Creatin ine Ratio 7
AST (SGOT) (IFCC wi thout P5P) 22.0 U/L 15.00 - 40. 00
ALT (SGPT) (IFCC without P5P ) 17.0 U/L 10.00 - 49.00
GGTP ( IFCC,L-y-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-n itroanilide) 16.0 U/L 0 - 73
Bi lirubin Total (DPD) 0.41 mg/dL  0.30 - 1.20
Bilirubin Direct (D PD) 0.16 mg/dL <0.3
Bilirubin I ndirect (Calculated) 0.25 mg/dL  <1.10
Sodium (ISE) 141.00 mEq/ L 136.00 - 146.00
Total Protein  (Biuret) 7.00 g/dL 5.70 - 8.20 
Albumin (BCG) 4.30 g/dL 3.20 -  4.80
Globulin (Calculated) 2.7 0 gm/dL 2.0 - 3.5
A : G Ratio ( Calculated) 1.59 0.90 - 2.00
Po tassium (ISE) 4.50 mEq/L 3.50 -  5.10
Chloride (ISE) 102.96 mEq /L 101.00 - 109.00

Test Name R esults Units Bio. Ref. Interval 
LIPID PROFILE, SCREEN (CHO-POD )
Cholesterol, Total 150.00 mg/ dL <200.00
Triglycerides 137.00  mg/dL <150.00
HDL Cholesterol  45.30 mg/dL >40.00
LDL Choleste rol, Calculated 77.30 mg/dL <10 0.00
VLDL Cholesterol,Calculate d 27.40 mg/dL <30.00
Non-HDL Ch olesterol 105 mg/dL <130

Test  Name Results Units Bio. Ref. In terval
GLUCOSE, FASTING (Hexoki nase)
Glucose Fasting 74.00 mg/ dL 70 - 100

VITAMIN B12 (CLIA) 
Vitamin B12; Cyanocobalamin 28 4.00 pg/ml 211.00 - 911.00

VIT AMIN D, 25 - HYDROXY, SERUM (CL IA) 
Vitamin D, 25 Hydroxy 67.9 1 nmol/L 75.00 - 250.00

THYROI D PROFILE,TOTAL, SERUM (CLIA)
T 3, Total 0.80 ng/mL 0.60 - 1.81 
T4, Total 5.50 μg/dL 4.50 - 1 1.60
TSH 1.78 μIU/mL 0.550 - 4 .780

Test Name Results Units B io. Ref. Interval
SERUM AMYLASE  (Ethylidene Blocked-pNPG7)
Amy lase 78.00 U/L 30.00 - 118.00

 Test Name Results Units Bio. Re f. Interval
HbA1c (HPLC, NGSP c ertified)
HbA1c 4.9 % 4.00 - 5. 60
Estimated average glucose (e AG) 94 mg/dL

Test Name Results  Units Bio. Ref. Interval
High  Sensitivity CRP (Immunoturbidim etry) 0.77 mg/L <1.00

APOLIPOP ROTEINS A1 & B, SERUM (Immunotu rbidometry)
Apolipoprotein (Apo  A1) 109 mg/dL 79 - 169
Apolipo protein (Apo B) 59 mg/dL 46.00  - 174.00
Apo B / Apo A1 Ratio 0 .54 0.35 - 0.98

Test Name Resu lts Units Bio. Ref. Interval
IR ON STUDIES, SERUM (TPTZ)
Iron 8 7.00 μg/dL 65.00 - 175.00
Tota l Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)  249.91 μg/dL 250 - 425
Transfe rrin Saturation 34.81 % 20.00 -  50.00

Test Name Results Units  Bio. Ref. Interval

URINE EXAM INATION, ROUTINE
Gross Examinat ion
Colour (Naked eye) Light Ye llow Pale yellow
Specific Gravi ty (Pre-treated polymeric Ion E xchange resin) 1.010 1.001 - 1. 030
pH (Double Indicator) 7.5 5 .0 - 8.0
Proteins (Tetra Bromop henol) Negative Negative
Glucos e (Glucose oxidase peroxidase c hromogen reaction) Negative Neg ative
Ketones (Sodium Nitroprus side) Negative Negative
Bilirub in (Diazonium salt) Negative Ne gative
Urobilinogen (Diazonium  salt) Normal Normal
Blood (Tetr amethyl benzidine) Negative Neg ative
Leucocyte Esterase (Carbo xylic acid ester diazonium salt ) Negative Negative
Nitrite (Su lfananic acid Tetrahydro benzol ) Negative Negative

Microscopy 
R.B.C. (Centrifuged Urine) Neg ative 0-2 RBC/hpf
Pus Cells (Ce ntrifuged Urine) 2-3 WBC/HPF 0- 5 WBC / hpf
Epithelial Cells (C entrifuged Urine) 0-1 Epi Cells /hpf 0-5 Epi cells/hpf
Casts (C entrifuged Urine) None seen Non e seen/Lpf
Crystals (Centrifuge d Urine) None seen None seen
Ot hers (Centrifuged Urine) None s een None seen

Test Name Result s Units Bio. Ref. Interval

HEM OGRAM (Flow Cytometery, SLS,Cap illary Photometry )
Hemoglobin  15.10 g/dL 13.00 - 17.00
Packed  Cell Volume (PCV) 46.10 % 40.0 0 - 50.00
RBC Count 5.15 mill/m m3 4.50 - 5.50
MCV 89.50 fL 83. 00 - 101.00
Mentzer Index 17.4
 MCH 29.30 pg 27.00 - 32.00
MCHC  32.80 g/dL 31.50 - 34.50
Red C ell Distribution Width (RDW) 15 .20 % 11.60 - 14.00
Total Leuko cyte Count (TLC) 4.98 thou/mm3  4.00 - 10.00

Differential Leuc ocyte Count (DLC)
Segmented Neu trophils 37.00 % 40.00 - 80.00
 Lymphocytes 46.00 % 20.00 - 40. 00
Monocytes 8.60 % 2.00 - 10.0 0
Eosinophils 7.60 % 1.00 - 6.0 0
Basophils 0.80 % <2.00

Absol ute Leucocyte Count
Neutrophils  1.84 thou/mm3 2.00 - 7.00
Lymp hocytes 2.29 thou/mm3 1.00 - 3. 00
Monocytes 0.43 thou/mm3 0.20  - 1.00
Eosinophils 0.38 thou/m m3 0.02 - 0.50
Basophils 0.04 t hou/mm3 0.02 - 0.10
Platelet Co unt 249 thou/mm3 150.00 - 410.0 0
Mean Platelet Volume 10.0 fL  6.5 - 12.0
E.S.R. 2 mm/hr 0 - 1 5
```                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               text_english/personal/main/ health/blood_test_20240518.md                                              000644  000765  0000 24  00000010404 15177753505 023 703  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samuel                           staff                            000000   000000                                                                                                                                                                              2025-06-03
 
# Blood test report (tested 20 24-05-18)

Samuel, male, DOB 20 01-01-03

Summary
 - ?

```
Tes t Name Results Units Bio. Ref.  Interval
LIVER & KIDNEY PANEL,  SERUM
Creatinine 0.84 (Modified  Jaffe,Kinetic) mg/dL 0.70 - 1. 30
GFR Estimated 125 (CKD EPI E quation 2021) mL/min/1.73m2 >59  
GFR Category G1 (KDIGO Guidel ine 2012) 
Urea 25.30 (Urease U V) mg/dL 13.00 - 43.00 
Urea Ni trogen Blood 11.82 (Calculated)  mg/dL 6.00 - 20.00
BUN/Creatin ine Ratio 14 (Calculated) 
Uric  Acid 4.80 (Uricase) mg/dL 3.50  - 7.20
AST (SGOT) 16.0 (IFCC w ithout P5P) U/L 15.00 - 40.00
A LT (SGPT) 12.0 (IFCC without P5 P) U/L 10.00 - 49.00
GGTP 15.0  (IFCC) U/L 0 - 73
Alkaline Phos phatase (ALP) 76.00 (IFCC-AMP)  U/L 30.00 - 120.00
Bilirubin To tal 1.10 (Oxidation) mg/dL 0.30  - 1.20
Bilirubin Direct 0.42 ( Oxidation) mg/dL <0.3
Bilirubin  Indirect 0.68 (Calculated) mg/ dL <1.10
Total Protein 8.50 (Bi uret) g/dL 5.70 - 8.20
Albumin  5.35 (BCG) g/dL 3.20 - 4.80
A :  G Ratio 1.70 (Calculated) 0.90  - 2.00
Globulin(Calculated) 3. 15 gm/dL 2.0 - 3.5
Calcium, Tot al 9.60 (Arsenazo III) mg/dL 8. 70 - 10.40
Phosphorus 3.69 (Mol ybdate UV) mg/dL 2.40 - 5.10
So dium 143.00 (Indirect ISE) mEq/ L 136.00 - 145.00
Potassium 4.3 8 (Indirect ISE) mEq/L 3.50 - 5 .10
Chloride 110.00 (Indirect I SE) mEq/L 98.00 - 107.00

Test  Name Results Units Bio. Ref. In terval
LIPID SCREEN, SERUM
Chol esterol, Total 171.00 (CHO-POD)  mg/dL <200.00
Triglycerides 94 .00 (GPO-POD) mg/dL <150.00
HDL  Cholesterol 53.10 (Enz Immunoi nhibition) mg/dL >40.00
LDL Cho lesterol, Calculated 99.10 (Cal culated) mg/dL <100.00
VLDL Cho lesterol,Calculated 18.80 (Calc ulated) mg/dL <30.00
Non-HDL Ch olesterol 118 (Calculated) mg/d L <130

Test Name Results Units  Bio. Ref. Interval
Glucose Fas ting 85.00 (Hexokinase) mg/dL 7 0 - 100
Vitamin B12; Cyanocobal amin 298.00 pg/mL 211.00 - 911. 00
Vitamin D, 25 Hydroxy 33.70  nmol/L 75.00 - 250.00

Test Nam e Results Units Bio. Ref. Inter val
THYROID PROFILE,TOTAL, SERU M (CLIA)
T3, Total 1.19 ng/mL 0 .60 - 1.81
T4, Total 9.90 μg/d L 5.01 - 12.45
TSH 1.94 μIU/mL  0.550 - 4.780

AMYLASE, SERUM  (G7PNP)
Amylase 46.00 U/L 30.00  - 118.00

IRON STUDIES, SERUM  (Spectrophotometry)
Iron 167.00  ug/dL 65.00 - 175.00
Total Iro n Binding Capacity (TIBC) 328.0 0 μg/dL 250.00 - 425.00
Transf errin Saturation 50.91 % 20.00  - 50.00

HbA1c (GLYCOSYLATED HE MOGLOBIN), BLOOD (HPLC, NGSP ce rtified) 
HbA1c 5.0 % 4.00 - 5. 60
Estimated average glucose (e AG) 97 mg/dL

C-REACTIVE PROTEI N, CARDIO; hsCRP (Immunoturbidi metry) 2.05 mg/L <1.00

APOLIPO PROTEINS A1 & B, SERUM (Immunot urbidimetry)
Apolipoprotein (Ap o A1) 121 mg/dL 79 - 169
Apolip oprotein (Apo B) 76 mg/dL 46 -  174
Apo B / Apo A1 Ratio 0.63 0 .35 - 0.98

URINE EXAMINATION,  ROUTINE; URINE, R/E
(Automated  Strip Test, Microscopy) Physica l
Colour Slight Lemon Yellow Pa le yellow
Specific Gravity 1.01 5 1.001 - 1.030
pH 5 5.0 - 8.0
 Chemical
Proteins Negative Nega tive
Glucose Negative Negative
 Ketones Negative Negative
Bilir ubin Negative Negative
Urobilin ogen Negative Negative
Leucocyt e Esterase Negative Negative
Ni trite Negative Negative
Microsc opy
R.B.C. Negative 0.0 - 2.0 R BC/hpf
Pus Cells Negative 0-5 W BC / hpf
Epithelial Cells 0.0 -  5.0 Epi
cells/hpf 0-1 Epi Cell s/hpf
Casts None seen None seen /Lpf
Crystals None seen None se en
Others None seen None seen

 HEMOGRAM
Hemoglobin (Photometry ) 16.50 g/dL 13.00 - 17.00
Pack ed Cell Volume (PCV) (Calculate d) 49.00 % 40.00 - 50.00
RBC Co unt (Electrical Impedence) 5.48  mill/mm3 4.50 - 5.50
MCV (Elec trical Impedence) 89.50 fL 83.0 0 - 101.00
MCH (Calculated) 30. 20 pg 27.00 - 32.00
MCHC (Calcu lated) 33.70 g/dL 31.50 - 34.50 
Red Cell Distribution Width (R DW) (Electrical Impedence) 14.1 0 % 11.60 - 14.00
Total Leukocy te Count (TLC) (Electrical Impe dence) 7.00 thou/mm3 4.00 - 10. 00
Differential Leucocyte Count  (DLC) (VCS Technology) Segment ed Neutrophils 45.80 % 40.00 -  80.00
Lymphocytes 38.30 % 20.00  - 40.00
Monocytes 6.10 % 2.00  - 10.00
Eosinophils 9.50 % 1.00  - 6.00
Basophils 0.30 % <2.00
 Absolute Leucocyte Count (Calcu lated)
Neutrophils 3.21 thou/mm 3 2.00 - 7.00
Lymphocytes 2.68  thou/mm3 1.00 - 3.00
Monocytes  0.43 thou/mm3 0.20 - 1.00
Eosin ophils 0.67 thou/mm3 0.02 - 0.5 0
Basophils 0.02 thou/mm3 0.02  - 0.10
Platelet Count (Electric al impedence) 346 thou/mm3 150. 00 - 410.00
Mean Platelet Volum e (Electrical Impedence) 8.1 fL  6.5 - 12.0
E.S.R. (Capillary p hotometry) 1 mm/hr 0.00 - 15.00 
```
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    text_english/personal/ main/health/I_had_mild_case_of_ ichthyosis_vulgaris.md                          000644  000765   000024  00000000574 1523615141 5 030425  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samue l                          staf f                           000 000  000000                                                                                                                                                                              2026-0 8-10

# I had mild case of icht hyosis vulgaris

Main
 - I had  mild case of ichthyiosis vulgar is on back of lower legs, for m any years in childhood. Might s till have it.
 - Atogla resyl l otion helps.
 - Mostly this onl y gets triggered during winters . I don't currently live in a p lace with winter so I don't eve n notice it.
 - Reddit self-dia gnosis is not that bad honestly .
                                                                                                                                        text_english/personal /main/health/blood_test_2025052 5.md                                             000644  000765   000024  00000011327 151777535 05 023707  0                                                                                                       ustar 00samu el                          sta ff                           00 0000  000000                                                                                                                                                                              2025- 06-03

# Blood test report (tes ted 2025-05-25)

Samuel, male,  DOB 2001-01-03

## Out of refer ence interval

Summary
 - Vitam in D and B12 insufficient.

``` 
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref . Interval Method
VITAMIN D (25  - OH VITAMIN D) ,SERUM 21.7 ng /mL 30 -100 CLIA

Test Name Res ult Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Met hod
VITAMIN B12 , SERUM 170 pg/ mL 190-900 CLIA
```

## Full re port

```
Test Name COMPLETE BL OOD COUNT (CBC) , WHOLE BLOOD E DTA
Result Unit Bio. Ref. Inter val Method
HAEMOGLOBIN 16.5 g/d L 13-17 Spectrophotometer
PCV 4 9.80 % 40-50 Electronic pulse &  Calculation
RBC COUNT 5.25 Mil lion/cu.mm 4.5-5.5 Electrical I mpedence
MCV 94.9 fL 83-101 Cal culated
MCH 31.4 pg 27-32 Calcu lated
MCHC 33.1 g/dL 31.5-34.5  Calculated
R.D.W 13.8 % 11.6-14  Calculated
TOTAL LEUCOCYTE COU NT (TLC) 5,500 cells/cu.mm 4000 -10000 Electrical Impedance
DIF FERENTIAL LEUCOCYTIC COUNT (DLC )
NEUTROPHILS 48.2 % 40-80 Flow  cytometry
LYMPHOCYTES 37.8 % 2 0-40 Flow cytometry
EOSINOPHILS  6.1 % 1-6 Flow cytometry
MONOC YTES 7.4 % 2-10 Flow cytometry
 BASOPHILS 0.5 % 0-2 Flow cytome try
CORRECTED TLC 5,500 Cells/c u.mm Calculated
ABSOLUTE LEUCOC YTE COUNT
NEUTROPHILS 2651 Cell s/cu.mm 2000-7000 Calculated
LY MPHOCYTES 2079 Cells/cu.mm 1000 -3000 Calculated
EOSINOPHILS 33 5.5 Cells/cu.mm 20-500 Calculat ed
MONOCYTES 407 Cells/cu.mm 20 0-1000 Calculated
BASOPHILS 27. 5 Cells/cu.mm 0-100 Calculated
 Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NL R) 1.28 0.78- 3.53 Calculated
P LATELET COUNT 297000 cells/cu.m m 150000-410000 Electrical impe dence
MPV 7.8 Fl 8.1-13.9 Calcu lated

Test Name Result Unit Bi o. Ref. Interval Method
ESR , W HOLE BLOOD EDTA 9 mm at 1 hour  0-15 Modified Westergren

Test  Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Inte rval Method
GLUCOSE, FASTING ,  NAF PLASMA 89 mg/dL 70-100 HEXO KINASE

Test Name Result Unit B io. Ref. Interval Method
HBA1C  (GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN) , WHOLE B LOOD EDTA
HBA1C, GLYCATED HEMOG LOBIN 5 % HPLC
ESTIMATED AVERAG E GLUCOSE 97 mg/dL Calculated

 Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref.  Interval Method
LIPID PROFILE  , SERUM
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL 163 m g/dL < 200 CHOD-PAD
TRIGLYCERID ES 65 mg/dL < 150 GPO-PAP
HDL C HOLESTEROL 60 mg/dL >=40 Desira ble Enzymatic Immunoinhibition
 NON-HDL CHOLESTEROL 102 mg/dL < 130 Calculated
LDL CHOLESTEROL  89.42 mg/dL <100 Calculated
VLD L CHOLESTEROL 13.08 mg/dL <30 C alculated
CHOL / HDL RATIO 2.69  0-4.97 Calculated
ATHEROGENIC  INDEX (AIP) < 0.01 <0.11 Calcul ated

Test Name Result Unit Bio . Ref. Interval Method
LIVER FU NCTION TEST (LFT) , SERUM
BILIR UBIN, TOTAL 0.96 mg/dL 0-1.2 Di azo
BILIRUBIN CONJUGATED (DIREC T) 0.34 mg/dL 0-0.2 Diazo
BILIR UBIN (INDIRECT) 0.62 mg/dL 0.0- 1.1 Calculated
ALANINE AMINOTRA NSFERASE (ALT/SGPT) 24.2 U/L 10 -50 IFCC with Pyridoxal Phospha te
ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE ( AST/SGOT) 23.8 U/L 10-50 IFCC w ith Pyridoxal Phosphate
AST (SG OT) / ALT (SGPT) RATIO (DERITIS ) 1.0 <1.15 Calculated
ALKALINE  PHOSPHATASE 85.40 U/L 40-129 I FCC
PROTEIN, TOTAL 8.28 g/dL 6. 4-8.3 Biuret
ALBUMIN 5.13 g/dL  3.5-5.2 Bromo Cresol Green
GLOB ULIN 3.15 g/dL 2.0-3.5 Calculat ed
A/G RATIO 1.63 0.9-2.0 Calcu lated

Test Name Result Unit Bi o. Ref. Interval Method
RENAL P ROFILE/KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST (RF T/KFT) , SERUM
CREATININE 0.80  mg/dL 0.7-1.2 Jaffe
.eGFR - EST IMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RA TE 124.44 mL/min/1.73m² >60 CK D-EPI FORMULA
UREA 17.60 mg/dL  13-43 Urease
BLOOD UREA NITROGE N 8.2 mg/dL 8.0 - 23.0 Calculat ed
URIC ACID 4.52 mg/dL 3.5-7.2  Uricase
CALCIUM 10.30 mg/dL 8. 6-10 NM-Bapta
PHOSPHORUS, INORG ANIC 4.36 mg/dL 2.5-4.5 Phospho molybdate Complex
SODIUM 140.6  mmol/L 136-145 ISE (Indirect)
P OTASSIUM 4.2 mmol/L 3.5-5.1 ISE  (Indirect)
CHLORIDE 103 mmol/L  98-107 ISE (Indirect)
PROTEIN,  TOTAL 8.28 g/dL 6.4-8.3 Biuret 
ALBUMIN 5.13 g/dL 3.5-5.2 Brom o Cresol Green
GLOBULIN 3.15 g/ dL 2.0-3.5 Calculated
A/G RATIO  1.63 0.9-2.0 Calculated

Test  Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Inte rval Method
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN  CRP (QUANTITATIVE) , SERUM 1.2  mg/L 0-5 Latex Particle Immunot urbidimetric

Test Name ELECTRO LYTES - SERUM , SERUM
Result Un it Bio. Ref. Interval Method
SO DIUM 140.6 mmol/L 136-145 ISE ( Indirect)
POTASSIUM 4.2 mmol/L  3.5-5.1 ISE (Indirect)
CHLORIDE  103 mmol/L 98-107 ISE (Indirec t)

Test Name Result Unit Bio.  Ref. Interval Method
IRON STUDI ES (IRON + TIBC) , SERUM
IRON 1 07.0 µg/dL 70-180 TPTZ AND NIT ROSO-PSAP
TOTAL IRON BINDING CA PACITY (TIBC) 324 µg/dL 261-46 2 Calculated
UNSATURATED IRON B INDING CAPACITY (UIBC) 217.00 Â µg/dL 155-355 NITROSO-PSAP
% OF  SATURATION 33.02 % 14-50 Calcu lated

THYROID PROFILE TOTAL (T 3, T4, TSH) , SERUM
TRI-IODOTHY RONINE (T3, TOTAL) 93.2 ng/dL 8 7-178 CLIA
THYROXINE (T4, TOTAL ) 9.4 µg/dL 5.48-14.28 CLIA
TS H (Ultrasensitive/4thGen) 2.626  µIU/mL 0.38-5.33 CLIA

Test N ame Result Unit Bio. Ref. Inter val Method
VITAMIN D (25 - OH V ITAMIN D) ,SERUM 21.7 ng/mL 30  -100 CLIA

Test Name Result Uni t Bio. Ref. Interval Method
VIT AMIN B12 , SERUM 170 pg/mL 190- 900 CLIA
```
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